James Hider in al-Amarah
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They came at dawn, thousands of Iraqi troops and US special forces on a mission to reclaim a lawless city from the militias who ran it.
By the end of the day, al-Amarah was under Iraqi Government control - without a shot being fired.
The city had been taken over by the Shia al-Mahdi Army two years ago after British troops handed it to an ill-prepared Iraqi Army. “We can't say al-Amarah was entirely bad, there are good people here, poor people. But the city was controlled by the al-Mahdi Army, and these people are all backed by Iran,” said Captain Hussein Ali of the Scorpion police brigade, one of the Iraqi units drafted in to take part in Operation Omen of Peace.
Yesterday the city's streets - unpaved, dirt tracks between grubby, low brick houses - were crawling with Iraqi security forces. Soldiers searched houses as police manned checkpoints and Soviet-era tanks guarded bridges over the Tigris River.
The flood of troops, who had moved into position outside the city a week ago, had encountered no resistance as they moved in yesterday. The leaders of the Shia militias that once ruled as crime bosses and warlords were either gone or in hiding. Even the police chief fled a week ago, fearing arrest for his affiliation to al-Mahdi Army, while the mayor, a member of the Sadrist movement, was arrested.
Outside one of the long-neglected police bases built by the British Army, scores crowded to sign up as police officers, the only regular job in a city whose main industry is weapons smuggling from nearby Iran, but a profession that until now was closed to most.
“In the past, you needed contacts with the tribal sheikhs or to pay three million dinars in bribes to get a job as a policeman,” said Raed Mijbil, 30. “All the Iraqi security forces were corrupt.”
Nouri al-Maliki, the Shia Prime Minister, has insisted that his large-scale operations in the south are not targeting the Sadrist movement, which has been increasingly weakened by internal divisions, its brutal reputation for murder and extortion, and a more confident Iraqi military. Hojatoleslam Moqtada al-Sadr, the fundamentalist Shia cleric who heads the al-Mahdi Army and the Sadrist political movement, ordered his men not to resist the government forces, and a senior member of his parliamentary block expressed grudging support.
“We stand with the Government on imposing the law and we are showing goodwill,” said Bahaa al-Araji, a member of the Sadrist parliamentary bloc. “But law must be imposed on everybody. We hope the target of the plan is not our movement.”
Locals said that militiamen had been spotted throwing their weapons into the Tigris or trying to hide them along the lush river banks. One man said that he saw two women digging up a stash hidden by a fighter and taking them into a weapons collection point in the hope of a reward.
The ease with which Iraqi forces retook al-Amarah, for long a no-go zone, was in marked contrast to the battle for Basra launched by Mr al-Maliki in March. That conflict ended only when the Government cut a deal with Hojatoleslam al-Sadr, a ceasefire brokered by Iran.
“This way is better,” said Captain Ali, noting that an army battalion would stay in al-Amarah once the operation is finished clearing out the militias. “We don't want to lose people, and in urban warfare women and children can get killed.”
While the Prime Minister had personally to lead his shaky forces on the offensive in Basra, he and his army have gained in confidence since establishing control of the southern port city, even flooding the Sadr City stronghold in Baghdad with thousands of soldiers. For the first time in years the young cleric looks unsure of himself. Last week he announced that the main wing of al-Mahdi Army would devote itself to civilian projects, while a streamlined, smaller group would carry on attacking the US military, whom the demagogue deems a legitimate target for resistance.
Nabil Ibrahim, 20, an al-Amarah resident, was pleased to see the influx of government troops but upset that the men who had turned his city into a lawless no man's land had escaped. “The leaders who escaped aren't all al-Mahdi Army, they are Iranian intelligence agents. We are sad because they got away and they'll be back.”
Captain Ali denied that the criminal leaders had been allowed to get away. “We didn't just let them escape, this was a kind of amnesty. This was a last chance for those who were misled by the militias and regretted it,” he said. He said that the local population was co-operating with the security sweep, and that the army had found more than 900 roadside bombs in weapons stashes.
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I'll be generous and label this naive. Guerilla warfare. OBVIOUSLY
ayla, london,
Blessed are the peacemakers. I am overwhelmed with joy that the Americans, Britons, and Aussies who fought in Iraq, can now see the fruits of their labors. I am sure this gives the relatives of the brave soldiers who lost their lives there a feeling of comfort. GOD bless George Bush.
Frank, Phoenix, USA
The "war without end" is ending.Iraqis seem to have finally made their peace and,after five years,can start to write their history as free men and women governed by the constitutional and democratic rule of law.Well done the coalition, the strongest horse.Take note.What did you "do" in the fight?
Mike, Newmarkett, UK
This article and others keep saying that the Basra fight was ended by a cease fire brokered by Iran. The Iraq government never stopped attacking and whiping the militias backed by Iran. The militias gave up in the face of the relentless Iraq army. A one sided cease fire is called a surender.
Paul M. Neville, Jackson, USA
Chandran in Singapore: If they are planning to fight later why did they throw their weapons in the river? Why fight later when the Iraqi army is only going to even stronger later? Face facts the Mahdi army is finished Sorry
Eric, NC, USA
Thank you to the brave British, American, Australian and Iraqi soldiers. Freedom of anyone anywhere in this World comes at a great price we in the West must ensure that we still support that as we did in World War 1 and 2 and many other conflicts prior and post.
God bless you all and keep safe.
Andy Moore, Solihull, UK
To:
Jason, anchorage alaska, USA
You mean sacrified thousansds of innocent people to do what "he thought was right" i.e. establish US militaray bases in iraq and secure lucrative oil contacts for US companies. Wake up Jason.
Jay, Herndon, USA
You westerners crack me up. You didn't defeat them, they just vanish. The invisible enemy lives to fight another day... another day...
Chandran, Singapore,
And let's not forget a courageous leader of the Free World (President Bush), who has stayed the course despite the many criticisms he has withstood from the media. It says alot about a man who is willing to sacrifice his image to do what is right. God bless our Troops and our President.
Jason, anchorage alaska, USA
Well, the liberals continue to live in denial, in recognizing any positive developments in Iraq. The Iraqi government, far from perfect (by western standards) is making undeniably important strides in getting control of the populas and extending their control over their own country, so we can leave
kelly, seattle , usa
Uh, excuse me....who exactly are 'we' fighting in Iraq? Is it the Iranian-backed Maliki 'government'? Are we taking sides in a civil war? What is the end game? How many Iraqis are internally- or externally-displaced? What utter tripe to say the Iraqis are winning! The only winners are Big Oil.
Ninbus, Intervale NH, USA
Ron... asymmetric warfare or no (and restricting themselves to guerrilla warfare is a downgrade for the Mahdi army) this is a strategic retreat. Normally you'd be mostly right, but you're mostly wrong in this case because the anti-government forces are now very short on territory.
Toteone, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong (China) & Norway
You're wrong Ron, because the comparison doesn't hold. The Taliban has plenty of territory left to maneuver around and recruit from, including northwestern Pakistan. The anti-government forces are nearly out of territories, supply lines and are increasingly relying on a dwindling number of boltholes
Toteone, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong (China) & Norway
The only reason no fighting occurred is because the resistance decided not to fight this particular battle. It's a strategy known as guerrilla warfare. Just like in Afghanistan where the Karzai government acts like they chased out the Taliban from Kandahar. They didn't. The Taliban left to fight
ron, Asheville NC, USA
Good to see all the real hard work by UK and US troops paying off at last - a long haul but history will show it was worthwhile.
Pete R., Stoke-on-Trent, UK
In contrast to Ole Blighty's blighted future, Oliver? How sad.
Cybella, Porter Ranch,
Eric
Did the Iraqis ask the US and allies to intervene?
How many innocent people have died at the hands of naive Americans just like you who believe you had just cause?
Deftor, Shanghai, China
Time is a great teacher. It's apparent training breeds success, success breeds confidence, and confidence breeds greater success. Freedom is the end result.
God Bless the US Military who sacrifice it all for Freedom both at home and abroad.
Taylor, TX, USA
Taylor, Houston, USA
The good guys are winning. Imagine a stable and prosperous Iraq next door to Iran. The mullahs will have an awful time controlling the population with freedom just across the border.
Denny , USA,
Couldn't have done it without the Brits and the Aussies. United we stand and conquer enemies of freedom!
Lauren C, Michigan City, USA
Take life easy Nigel, your troops are the same as ours. The turning tail was done by the leadership not the troops. The US ran in Vietnam but it wasn't the troops who were doing the running. They wanted to stay.
Mike H., Spokane, USA
Looks like the Iraqis are doing it. And everyone said it was impossible. Bravo for them.
Donna, Jersey City, US
YES!! This one of the last obastacles to peace and our men and women coming home. Thank you so much limeys for sticking by us!! Your American brothers and sisters still love you so much!!
Kyle, Houston, TX, USA
It's about time, from the beginning I have said, they need to give the people a chance to choose, leave peacefully or stay and die. Who cares who runs away as long as they leave.
Once we have a foothold on the area citizens can return
home, alive!
Semper Fi, God bless America.
Joe, Esko MN, USA
How embarrassing for us Brits that we retreated with our tails between our legs and under cover of darkness and then the ynks and the iraqis take the place without a shot being fired
nigel roberts, sheffield, england
I served in Baghdad in 2004 and my heart is touched by these reports! What is going on really gives all of us who served hope that Iraq and its wonderful people will have a chance to live in peace finally. Stay the course and give peace and the Iraqi people a chance!
Jack, OK City, USA
The People of Iraq have a bright future.How trite.
oliver, Brighton,
It's good to see Iraq making good progress. The people of Iraq have a bright prosperous future, thanks to the sacrifices of so many brave people
Eric, NC, USA