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It is only a breathless Hollywood script: treasure-hunter Indiana Jones races with German archaeologists to track down the fabled Ark of the Covenant, the chest that held the stone tablets on which the Ten Commandments were etched.
Now German researchers claim to have found the remains of the palace of the Queen of Sheba — and an altar that may have held the Ark.
The discovery, announced by the University of Hamburg, has stirred sceptical rumblings from the archaelogical community. The location of the Ark, indeed its existence, has been a source of controversy for centuries.
Regarded as the most precious treasure of ancient Judaism, it is at the heart of a debate about whether archaeology should chronicle the rise and fall of civilisations or explore the boundaries between myth and ancient history.
Professor Helmut Ziegert, of the archaeological institute at the university, has been supervising a dig in Aksum, northern Ethiopia, since 1999.
“From the dating, its position and the details that we have found, I am sure that this is the palace,” he said. The palace, that is, of the Queen of Sheba, who is believed to have lived in the 10th century BC.
After she died her son and successor, Menelek, replaced the palace with a temple dedicated to Sirius. The German researchers believe that the Ark was taken from Jerusalem by the Queen — who had a liaison with King Solomon — and built into the altar to Sirius.
“The results we have suggest that a Cult of Sothis developed in Ethiopia with the arrival of Judaism and the Ark of the Covenant, and continued until 600AD,” an announcement by the University of Hamburg on behalf of the research team said. Sothis is the ancient Greek name for the star Sirius.
The Ark was made, according to the Bible, of gold-plated acacia wood and topped with two golden angels. It is said to be the source of great power. In about 586BC, when the Babylonians conquered the Israelites, the Ark vanished.
For many centuries finding it has been one of the great quests — inspiration not only for the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark, but also for countries seeking to position themselves in the mainstream of ancient civilisation.
Many archaeologists believe that their profession should not be in the business of myth-chasing. Even if the Ark were found it would be impossible to establish scientifically whether it was the original receptacle for the Ten Commandments.
Iris Gerlach, of the German Archaeological Institute in Sanaa, Yemen, believes the religious centre of Sheba is in present-day Yemen.
Although she does not go headto-head with her colleague Professor Ziegert, the message is clear: a relic such as the Ark would have been stored in an important relgious city rather than Aksum.
Quest goes on
— The location of the Ark has been put in Egypt, Zimbabwe and even Ireland, where the Hill of Tara was excavated
— The Ethiopian holy town of Aksum is regarded as a more credible site
— Ethiopians believe that it is defended by monks in the church of St Mary of Zion and is seen only by the guardian of the Ark, making it impossible to verify
Source: Times database
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During filming, Hollywood found the Ark, pronounced it "not photogenic" - replaced it with - "improved, more authentic, right-on" version. Same way that Zanuck prefered plastic to real palm trees because they looked more "believable". Is it true McCain played a cameo role to boost his chances?
Leigh Vernier, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Read Tudor Parfitt's book - in which you will find a photo of the Ark. It would be interesting to learn from him whether he thinks it went via a palace in Ethopia.
KW, London,
So, from your article the Ark was built into the foundation of a temple around 400 years before it vanished? Makes very little sense.
Eric, London,
"The Ark .. is said to be the source of great power. In about 586BC, when the Babylonians conquered the Israelites..."
During a power cut, perhaps?
IanH, Glasgow,
A fascinating account was Graham Hancock's 1980s book "The Sign and the Seal"- unjustly forgotten by many. Using historical fact where possible he traced it to Ethiopia; although discounting the Queen of Sheba theory he first established the Aksum link and also looked at the Ark's mysterious powers.
Roger, London, UK
This 'Ark' thing, I think it's in my loft. It was there when I moved in. If anyone wants the stone things inside they're welcome to them - as long as you collect. I kind of want to keep the box though, particularly now you've told me that's real gold.
Andrew, London,
Since the Ark was made of wood overlaid with pure gold, it was most likely stolen and destroyed for the gold value by apostate Temple priests between 642-607 BC. In 642 it was in the Temple (by royal decree) but before the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem in 607 it had disappeared again.
Ysabel Ekaterin, Mansfield, UK
you have not read, the discovery of the Ark of the Covernant by Grant Berkley, Alan Wilson and Baram Blackett.
The Germans lost the trail after they discovered it went missing again in 600 AD. The Ark is in Britain where Christianity began in 35 - 37 AD according to Nennius and Gildas.
Alan Hassell, London , UK
Robert (Slough) - what we're talking about here is the Ark of the Covenant, not Noah's Ark.
Martin, Newmarket, Suffolk
How would melting it down create more food?
Fred, London,
Where ever it is, any power it had came from God and wouldn't be controlled by anyone who found it but by the creator.
John, Upminster, UK
Excellent! The gold can be melted down to pay for food for the poor.
Paul, Northampton, UK
The bible explains that the ark is merely a replica of the one in heaven...in the same way as Moses received instructions on building the tabernacle...another replica.
It'd still make a great find though...!
Andrew Tilsley, Sydney, Australia
"I guess knowone reads there bibles...the ark is in heaven. "
I guess no one knows how to spell....
Dave, winnipeg, canada
Adriene, Marin, USA
But all that we can gather from revelation (assuming we are literalists) is that the ark will be in heaven at the time of the final judgement. That doesn't mean it isn't somewhere else right now. Like my living room (I use the ark as a coffe table. It looks really good)
Gabriel Casey, Belfast,
I guess knowone reads there bibles...the ark is in heaven.
Rev 11:19 And the temple of God was opened in Heaven,
and there was seen in His temple the ark of His covenant,
and there occurred lightnings and voices, and thunders
and an earthquake, and a great hail.
Adriene, marin, USA
Please give the credit to Ethiopia. Where there is fire, there is smoke.
Shiferaw, cincinnati,
"It's a radio for talking to God."
Always been partial to a bit of heroic mode fiction myself. Wait till Indiana Jones finds the bones of Jesus Christ. Will this reveal the DNA of God?
Come on guys, give me a break. Fiction, fairy stories, Santa Claus, the Bible. All good knock about stuff.
Andrew Milner, Karuizawa, Japan
Karl. They only WANT you to think Area 51 is in Nevada!
Beccs, Melbourne, Australia
This is news? I was in Aksum in January and visited what was openly described then as the Queen of Sheeba's palace - ruins on the outskirts of the town where no digging was taking place and no altar...
P Williams, London,
I think the Ark is In Ethiopia. Too many explantion for that than simple speculation about yemen, Zimbabwe......
Covn, Helsinki, Finland
The Ark, etc., exist only in works of fiction.
Robert, Slough,
"The Ark along with the Holy Grail and many other looted artifacts of antiquity is held in a Area 51 in Arizona.
kevin, Lincoln, UK"
Kevin, Area 51 is in Nevada. They do not store relics of antiquity there, as they would be in danger of radiological damage from the alien spacraft kept there
Karl, Menlo Park, USA
The Ark along with the Holy Grail and many other looted artifacts of antiquity is held in a Area 51 in Arizona.
kevin, Lincoln, UK
The Knights Templer were in Ethiopia in 12/13th century and as usual rumours abounded re the Ark,but at that time it had not been moved to Aksum.It rested in a Tabernacle on Elephantine island on the Nile for some decades after it's removal from JERUSALEM.
Bagsus, Tisbury, UK