Lewis Smith, Environment Reporter
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For all its appearance as a ferocious predator, Tyrannosaurus rex was just an overgrown chicken, researchers have found.
Analysis of protein preserved within a fossil bone has provided molecular evidence to support the theory that dinosaurs evolved into birds.
Similarities between bone structure and the discovery of feather-like remains on dinosaur fossils have previously been cited, but scientists have now found the first molecular link.
Collagen preserved within a T. rex bone was broken down and analysed with a mass spectrometer for its amino acid content, which could then be compared to other species. Researchers then compared the molecular profile of chickens and ostriches to that ofT. rexand found a close match. They now hope to carry out further tests to establish which type of bird is most closely linked to the predator.
Alligators were found to be closely related to the predatory dinosaurs but more distantly than birds and farther back in the family tree.
“We determined thatT. rexgrouped with birds – ostrich and chicken – better than any other organism that we studied,” John Asara, from the American Beth Israel Deaconess Medical School in Boston, said.
“We also show that it groups better with birds than modern reptiles, such as alligators and green anole lizards. Is it an overgrown chicken? Maybe it is.”
The study, reported in the journal Science, strengthens and expands initial findings last year that linked the dinosaur to birds. “We have now done robust calculations and have a very, very high confidence in this relationship,” Dr Asara added.
The collagen extracted from the 68-million-year-old fossil was analysed alongside traces extracted from a 500,000-year-old bone from a mastodon – a prehistoric woolly mammoth-like creature that lived in North America.
The samples are the oldest and second-oldest examples of preserved animal protein, and the extract from the mastodon confirmed the assumption that the animals were most closely related to modern-day elephants.
Researchers are confident that they have opened up a new field of study that should enable the animal family tree to be drawn more accurately and to solve riddles that cannot be answered by just observing body shapes.
“These results match predictions made from skeletal anatomy, providing the first molecular evidence for the evolutionary relationships of a nonavian dinosaur,” Chris Organ, of Harvard University in the US, said.
Members of the team added in a statement that the protein analysis was “putting more meat on the theory that dinosaurs’ closest living relatives are modern-day birds”.
They said: “Analysis of a shred of 68-million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex protein – along with the proteins of 21 modern species – confirms that dinosaurs share common ancestry with chickens, ostriches and, to a lesser extent, alligators.”
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if you watch a documentary on this, you'll find out youre wrong.
i believe that all this about chickens and T.Rex are related is true.
amber, nottingham,
Secondly in an age when the Human Genome has been mapped and we understand so much of the world around us what purpose does God or indeed the belief in god serve. We evolved. No higher power is watching or controlling us. People speak of faith as good how many have died in the name of religion?
Lewis Killeen, Northampton, UK
Firstly those saying that the size of a T Rex makes it impossible to be linked to chickens is dumb. Whales are mammals as are we, and yet certain whales a alot bigger that us. Chicens have had a LONG time to evolve.
Lewis Killeen, Northampton, UK
Some of the comments here illustrate how strong the forces of ignorance, superstition and darkness can be.
While religiosity does not prove the existence of a 'god', the kind of religiosity, as exemplified on this page, makes me suspect that a devil may, after all, exist.
qed, London,
I must say I'm surprised at the about face - Dinos from chickens - I thought the evilutionists said it was the other way around.
I have found the REAL reason for this aritcle - check out the fourth last paragrah - - these researchers will be able to open up a wonderful new branch of investigation
Mark Bradfield, Londonderry, N.I.
P.S. I wonder what the next sieve will be that is to be used to try and bail out the sinking ship that is the theory of evolution?
Mark Bradfield, Londonderry, N.I.
It is not T. Rex....it is... G. Rex!
Garth Rex, Glendale Heights, USA
A theory that attempts to support a theory which is accepted as law is not a theory at all. It is simply bad science, as the theory is based on the assumption that the theory accepted as law is correct - but, that is what we have come to expect in this day and age! Poor science!
David, Barnstaple, Devon
Aren't humans 70% the same as bananas when it comes to DNA? I'm not sure this proves anything. It appears that DNA - the building block of life is just that - and it's in all that lives and we all have lot in common. God still fills the gaps that evolution fails to fill.
Julie Ann Hilton, Georgetown , West Indies
Bob,
God wrote the "universal sims" program that we're all characters in. The Koschei built the computer that it's running on. Science tells us about the parameters of the simulated world that we are in, and religion tells us about why God ran it in the first place.
Brother Phil. (ULC)
Brother Phil. (ULC), Southend on Sea, UK
Time to finally lay the God theory to rest at last. This is solid proof of evolution.
Len, London, UK
You make it sound such a bad thing, If one day I evolved into a bird, I think I would quite enjoy flying around!
adrian, aldershot, England
Here we go again the chicken, the egg or the Tea Rex
Hilmi, london,
I have a real hard time buying this one.
Robert Tilford , McCracken, Kansas, USA
It is not written that we must obsequiously swallow all the profound pronouncements of politicians, scientists and preachers....especially when their
hallowed and grandiose theories lose touch with reality and common sense. The futile quest to determine the age of the universe is likewise nonsense.
Garth Rex, Glendale Heights, USA
No way. Researchers are obviously celebrating april fools day a little late. HAHA! You got me!
Clark Kent, smallville, US
IF the theory that extinction of the Dinos was rapid and caused by the cataclysmic impact on Earth of an asteroid is correct, then clearly NOTHING evolved from the dinos! To attempt to draw a close evolutionary or biological link betw. dinos and modern birds is as clearly an insult to common sense!
Garth Rex, Glendale Heights, USA
So a chicken is an under-grown dinosaur?
Simon Phillips, Oxford,
Yeah, but he was a darn big mean chicken that would have seen us as tasty snacks.
Kathy, Kansas City, MO, USA
I'm really not sure which of the comments on here are serious and which are... not...
I'm guessing Garth Rex is the latter :o)
Evolution is a theory. An amazingly accurate one. And research like this helps in our understanding of the little rock we call home.
Can't we just ignore God altogether?
Ian M, Sheffield, UK
John of Inverness, it does speak of the anatomy:
These results match predictions made from skeletal anatomy, providing the first molecular evidence for the evolutionary relationships of a nonavian dinosaur, Chris Organ, of Harvard University in the US, said.
Elizabeth, Edinburgh,
Having read the comments, many people don't seem to understand what the findings mean.
Whilst the T-Rex is closely related to chickens, it is not a DIRECT ancestor, but it does share a COMMON ancestor.
Sonny Sidhu, Leicester, United Kingdom
So they expect us to believe that a carnivorous animal, ten times the size of an elephant, with a long alligator-like tail, and a mouthful of vicious teeth, evolved into.... a hen? How stupid are we, really?
Maybe those "researchers" need to find something useful to do with their time! ! !
Garth Rex, Glendale Heights, USA
How does it prove anything when evolution is a theory?
It only SUPPORTS the theory, it doesn't prove a damn thing. I may be being picky but prove is a very strong word.
Sean, London,
In 1973 as a school child I realised that Dinosaurs like T Rex could have only been the ancestors to birds and as such were warm blooded, I was ten at the time!
I was laughed at by all and told off by the teachers but still I would tell anyone who would listen, for thirty five years!
Funny eh?
Stephanie King, Larnaca, Cyprus
Big chicken, what a load of hype. Regardless of its very very distant relations, this thing was a 35-40 foot long meat eating ravenous beast with large teeth.
It is a good thing to map out the evolutionary tree, but not very useful to call T-Rex a Chicken.
Matt, Vancouver, Canadia
Dinosaurs had thick solid bones. Birds have hollow bones that are very light in order for flight. Land-dwelling creatures have lungs with a two-directional flow. In birds however, air follows just one direction through the lungs. This satisfies birds' high energy requirements. Also there are no intermediary fossils.
Krister, Manchester, England
Sorry John, still doesn't change my comment. You break down collagen, check it against some chickens and ostriches and a couple other species and you get dinosaurs are closer to chickens than ostriches and from that you get proof for evolution?At least try to find the links before reporting 'proof'.
Phil, Guildford,
God?!? God?!? where is the proof of "god" planning ahead. Its proposterous, this is further evidence of EVOLUTION. Deal with it!!!
Chris, Benfleet, England
If it took T. Rex 88 million years to evolve into a chicken, I wonder what humans will evole into that time in the future ? Maybe we shall be in cages as food for evolved ants.
jono, cela , portugal
Phil in Guilford should read the article again as it does not say anything about "Similar Bones Structures"
Please try and keep up.
John, Inverness,
All this proves to me is that dinosaurs have similar bone structures to birds, something that has been known for years if not decades. How they then jump to t-rex evolving to chickens with the only convincing proof they have is a 'its most similar to'. What were they comparing it to?
Phil, Guildford,
just so pointless, though. how much money was spent on this?
Steve, Belfast,
Having once owned a few chickens
Anything smaller than them gets eaten, and even a cat gets pecked.
Just consider life from an insect perspective
Nicholas Iles, Oswestry, Shropshire
Just as well there weren't any roads then.
Chris D, Edinburgh, Scotland
This is an example of the wonderful kind of science that could never come about if creationists got their way.
Jason Horton, Havant, England
When God decided to make a world for us he really did plan ahead. Science increasingly discovers Gods amazing attention to detail. Chicken is not just fast-food!
Michael, Penarth, Wales
By the heavenly Gods that live forever! How humiliating! From Tyrant to Chicken down the evolutionary stairs!
Oh, how unlike the place from which they fell!
It really is better to roar in Hell than to be served in Heaven.
Eugene, heidelberg, germany
What! They put this through the DNA spectrometer! Personally I would have got Jamie Oliver to cook up something. Just imagine how much you could have charged.
Mike Man, Hull , England
Perhaps T-Rex should be renamed T-Chix.
Lee, London,
so where does god fit into all this?
Bob, Slough,
Imagine Colonel Saunders of Kentucky Fried Chicken
getting a hold of a DINOSAUR! (Imagine the dinosaur getting a hold of Colonel Saunders! Yummy!).
As Sir Winston Churchill said: "Some chicken..some neck!" (Adolph Hitler had said that he would "wring Britain's neck as if it were a chicken!"
Garth Rex, Glendale Heights, USA