Michael Herman and Alex Spence
We've made some changes
to The Sunday Times
An eagerly awaited court case that could determine the future of retail bank fees began today when a judge started wading through evidence on the legality of charges levied against customers who exceed their overdraft limits.
The High Court judge, Mr Justice Andrew Smith, will sit in private for two days reviewing legal submissions that some of the country's top lawyers have spent months preparing.
The full hearing will begin on Wednesday when a dream team of top-ranked QCs will line up for one of the biggest commercial disputes for 20 years.
The hearing will take place at the International Dispute Resolution Centre on Fleet Street, where the case was moved because of a lack of space at the Royal Courts of Justice to accommodate the large number of lawyers and journalists expected to attend.
The Office of Fair Trading will argue that fees levied by seven banks and one building society against customers who exceeded overdraft limits were illegal under contract regulations introduced in 1999.
The case will affect tens of thousands of existing claims before the county courts that have been stayed pending the outcome. It is estimated that the banks have paid up to £1 billion in total to settle out of court claims from individual customers, but they stand to lose billions more if they are defeated in court.
Losing could force the banks to change their business model, since the retail fees generate profits of £10 million a day, according to OFT estimates. However, defeat for the banks could also be bad news for consumers, because it would almost certainly mean the end of “free” current accounts.
One lawyer close to the case said: “If the banks lose this case, the whole free-banking model will disappear.”
Banks use unauthorised-overdraft charges to subsidise what they say are unprofitable services such as cheques, free cash withdrawals and free day-to-day accounts.
Julian Skan, a senior executive in the retail banking practice at Accenture, said: “If the banks are forced to reduce their charges for unauthorised overdrafts, then prices may well go up elsewhere. This risks increased charges for people who remain in credit and possibly the withdrawal of banking services from unprofitable poorer customers.”
The defendants – Abbey, Barclays, Clydesdale, HSBC, HBOS, Lloyds TSB, Royal Bank of Scotland and the Nationwide building society – have lined up some of the City’s biggest law firms and leading Queen’s Counsel to represent them.
Legal sources estimate that the banks have each spent at least £1 million on the case on pre-trial costs. Members of the Queen’s Counsel acting for the banks include Ali Malek, Iain Milligan, Laurence Rabinowitz and Geoffrey Vos, who until recently was the chairman of the Bar Council. Leading commercial silks charge up to £1,000 an hour.
In contrast, the OFT will be represented by only one Queen’s Counsel, Brian Doctor, who will be assisted by three junior barristers.
The large number of lawyers and intense media interest has forced the court to take the unusual step of moving proceedings from the Royal Courts of Justice to a larger venue, the International Dispute Resolution Centre, on Fleet Street.
The first part of the case will consider whether the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999, a set of rules governing contracts between individuals and businesses, apply to the unauthorised overdraft charges. It is the first time that the regulations have been seriously tested in relation to the banking industry.
The OFT must convince the judge that the regulations apply; it will then have to prove at another hearing, probably later in the year, that they are unfair. If the court agrees with the banks that the charges do not fall under the scope of the regulations, the case will fall at the first hurdle.
The first hearing is expected to last eight days, with a judgment before Easter. However, given its public importance, the case is likely to go all the way to the House of Lords regardless of which side wins this round.
The last case that involved such a dazzling line-up of prominent lawyers was the so-called International Tin Council dispute in 1988, which involved 22 countries. The law firms that have been instructed by the banks are: Addleshaw Goddard, Allen & Overy, Ashurst, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Linklaters, Lovells, Simmons & Simmons, and Slaughter and May
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There is no such thing as "free" banking" anyway. We pay a fortune back on loans and our total repayments on our morgages are astounding. Banks earn millions every day on the people that struggle to make a living and bring a family up. All the fee's we pay to a bank or other such financial institution are all automated, with little or no human interaction at all, so to charge £30 for not having the £15 for your DD's and then to charge you again for being over your account without permision because of the charges is, in my opinion, legalised robbery and blackmail. We all need bank accounts for wages payments and to pay all out weekly bills and the baks know it and have no shame in charging us for the privalidge. It's about time that the small peson got a voice and there money back!!
Jason Ford, Accington, Lancashire
The thing that bothers me is that when i approached my bank about refunding charges, they told me it has been put on hold pending the court case, however they still charge there high rates. And regarding charging for current accounts if they lose the court case, this smacks of blackmail, dont they make enough ? just look at the yearly profits to prove my point.
Pete, Eastleigh
Peter Scott, Eastleigh, Hampshire
Many people seem to have confused what the case is about. Whether the banks are over charging for overdrafts. I'm personally standing to get nearly £500 back for the charges over the last 4 years. I'm not against being caught with low funds, not at all... I resent the costs they levy which being a Halifax account owner are now £38 per item.
I get charged for attempting to pay for Derict Debits they have declined to pay for reasons of insuficient monies, but because it has to have a print out and a letter is chargable £38.
I find it hard to believe that banks are not in large automated when it comes to the management of these things... it would merely require some minion to place a print out in an envelope.
My argument is that while i recognise it's fair to be penalised for bad management in a society that leans more and more towards credit lifestyles. The amount that is charged is not relative to the cost and that i wish to see adjusted.
now they'll pay for their greed
A Mosley, Lancaster, UK
It seems most people don't understand this case understandable, all they hear is free banking coming to an end, the poor are getting screwed ect.
It is very simple.
1. I go over my overdraft limit (overdraft can be £0 or £1000000) for whatever reason the bank hits me with a £25-30 charge.
2. The case is to decide if this charge is a penalty (ie detterent) or a fee (ie service is provided). If the first then the case continues (see 3 below). If the later the case ends. Either way both sides are entitled to appeal which is highly likely.
3. If it is a penalty then the question becomes is it fair under the law which states you are not allowed to make a profit to recover lost monies. If it is then the banks are free to charge if not the judge will either decide the level of compensation or leave it up to the regulator.
Andy , Cupar, Scotland
I had been saving to buy a motorbike and when the weekend came round to collect and pay for it, I went to my local branch on the Friday in my lunch hour as I have an account that moves money from my current account when it reaches a certain limit and I didn't want to be penalised. This visit actually took over two hours by the time I'd waited for a personal banker as they wouldn't transfer such a large sum over the counter.
I paid for my bike on the weekend using my debit card and was surprised to receive a letter from my bank during the following week saying that I had been charged an enormous fee as I was a few thousand pounds over my overdraft limit!
Upon ringing to complain I was told that the money had been swept out regardless - even though the personal banker had put a note on my account. So my 2 hours were completely wasted and to add insult to injury I was only refunded 25 pounds - a fraction of the original charge.
Livid doesn't cover it!
hannah josiah, st albans, hertfordshire
What I really hate is this culture of let someone else pay, I should get this service for free.
Market forces will dictate charges in the future, that is better than fining & thats what it adds up to, the people who don't manage cash as well as those who do.
How many people lend their money to the bank for a return of less than the current rate of interest???
i e your current account, a few select people have become very affluent mostly from those who could not afford it.
Andrew Sampson, Sheffield,
The stupid people (Arthur) will not be charged a penalty for being stupid, thus plunging them into more "stupidity" & why should they.
Market forces will deliver free banking for the majority as ever. What about the stupid people who lend their salaries to the bank every month so the bank can lend it out to those who cant afford to pay it back at huge interest rates, then charge penalty fees when they don't, either way the schmuck with no cash loses, subsidising those who have the ability to pay for the elaborate service they require.
The current billing system,don't forget, was introduced to save money taking cash out of the equation. If I am to be charged to pay a direct debit I will go back to paying cash, withdrawn over a counter, which the payee will then have to process at his expense, suits me fine.
Andrew Sampson, Sheffield,
Wow, this is a rather big case!
Slightly off the point....
At 16 years old, I aspire to work as a Commercial Barrister in The Magic Circle fighting cases like this - what a buzz!
Alexander Cartwright, Telford,
If this Labour Government cared about people on a low income they could pass primary legislation.
For Gordon Brown to wait for years for the court to act shows how much he is in the spell of big buisness.
He has betrayed his roots.
James Rathburn, Richmond, England
In France, writing a cheque without sufficient funds in your account is a serious matter. Spending money you don't have in France and you can become immediately blacklisted with the Bank of France. If the matter is not sorted out within one month, you can be fined and banned from holding a cheque book for up to 10 years. Perhaps the UK isn't so bad after all. And we have have cheaper banking most countries. So just stay in credit or don't exceed your overdraft limit and you won't pay bounced cheque or unauthorised borrowing charges . Simple! And remember that spending other people's money is theft.
Billy, Stortford, UK
I have banked with Nationwide for over 20 years and any disputes I've had over charges have been resolved to my satisfaction.
My son, a university student, is with the Co-operative bank (not on your list of defendants). He was charged £70 for being overdrawn by £7. This charged caused him to overdrawn again, by another £3, whereupon the Co-op imposed a further penalty this time £30. The Co-op boasts of being an "ethical" bank yet how can they justify imposing fines of ONE THOUSAND PER CENT on a young student? The bank hasn't even acknowledged his letter of compaint.
Although the Co-op operates a student account with a free overdraft facilities of up to £3000, apparently my son wasn't informed of this when he applied to open an account. He also says the bank didn't warn him of their impending charges, which Nationwide does.
D Rodriguez, Hereford, uk
Every month i made sure there was enough money in the bank to pay direct debits, just on one occasion a debit was taken which left me £2 overdrawn, so the bank didnt pay it but put costs on the account instead, subsequently every month after that charges were taken out before my direct debits were paid, which left us with not much money left at the end of the month! Its unfair and i hope everyone including myself get their money back!
Anne Smith, Cradley Heath, west Midlands
And, sometimes the bank would try to pay direct debits BEFORE the due day, when the money wasnt there so more charges were put in the account!
Anne Smith, Cradley Heath, west Midlands
Surely it is fairer for all customers to pay a small fee (many ,inc me, already do) for the account than to slam those who are struggling to survive.
Speaking from personal exp., of having been in that position, earning £10 a day as a trainee sound engineer, at times when they would punish me for being a few pounds over.....I was so very down it really was hard to carry on.
Even if there was a given number of days to bring your account under the limit before being punished....a sporting chance!
I hope they get punished!
Carmen.
Carmen Harber, cheltenham, uk
If the bank did not let you go over this overdraft, then the charges owuld not exist. I cannot got over my credit limit on my credit card, so why should it be different with a Bank Account. I think it is disgusting the amount that they charge all consumers basically for a letter. I feel a charge of say £10 would be feasable but £30 - £50 is damn right daylight robbery.!
Gemma Davies, Bristol,
I think the charges are so inflated they are unfair, on an agreed overdraft limit of £2000 from barclays im paying 15 pounds interest a month, fine I use the service I should pay interest, but the bank charges are double that at £30 each time I go over? Why?
I once was charged for being 15p over the limit with just a few hours to go until my wages went into the account...shocking.
The bank wont even cap the account to stop you going over, wonder why? I should imaging a few million £30 charges is a nice little income for them.
Tom, Birmingham,
The richer get richer and the poorer get poorer,
sue, Harrogate,
what about students who whilst studying have to live in debt to survive. how can a £50 bank charge be justfied when a student is surviving on just £150 per month. It's not only rich people with dispensible incomes who have banks!!!
hlffrty, glasgow, uk
talk about divisive, people!
It's all about whether or not these bank charges are 'reasonable' or set too high [imho they are too high] - not whether people should be extended credit or not.
poorer people pay more for most goods and services by the very nature of economics of scale, so some of you guys should stop and think from their side a little more [which is difficult, i appreciate.]
also, you'd all be up in arms about any other industry price-fixing!
have a nice day!
kieran, london,
How can £30 per unauthorised credit be acceptable. Especially to people who have low incomes or only have income support or job seekers allowance going in. The banks should have been more responsible as to how they let unauthorised overdrafts accumulate. If you get £30 in 1 month charge, the bank automatically take this out on a certain date and you cannot change that date or arrange a temporary overdraft to help stop the rot. Therefore unless you freeze everything going out of your account at the beginning of the inflated fees, you will inevitbly be charged more month upon month. The banks should have come up with strategies for low income people. Instead of letting the goverment give them a £10 bln proffit!!
shelley johnson, bedlington, northumberland
Whether or not people agree with bank charges, overdrafts, or the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 is wholly irrelevant.
I have been charged many a pound by the bank for unauthorised overdrafts, and believe that the fault is entirely mine, hence I have never sought to recover the money paid. Had I not been so foolish as to spend beyond my means then I wouldn't have paid these charges!
However, the UTCC Regs 1999 are a significant authority on the ability of parties to charge penalties. If this is the law, then regardless of it's fairness, it must be upheld. Customers who have not been harmed by these penalties may equally have benefitted from their exploitation, and this is wholly unjust.
I agree that banks lend irresponsibly, and borrowers are often more irresponsible themselves, but the suggestion that 'they should have known better' just doesn't wash.
If the law seems unfair, change the law! Don't try to bend it!
CMH, Street, Som.,
I agree with the majority of people here that one should be more responsible with spending and keeping a budget is vital. Spending the plastic over christmas and forgetting about it is not the way. I am for some sort of detrrant whether it's financial penalty or not having an overdraft facility of current accounts.
However, living with debt is a fact of life for the majority of people with morgages and buisnesses also and a balance of saving and debt is required for the economy. Debt for (the right) assets are ok with me. Just keep an eye on those liabilities and act now before it's too late!
Andrew , Bristol,
My son went through a period where his outgoings exceeded his income. Going through the period of his unauthorised overdrafts there were several months where the only reason he was overdrawn were the charges the bank had put on his account. Then there were charges on them and so on. Total charges were in excess of £2800.
Tony, Poynton, U.K.
I think it is right that the lending institution is held accountable for abusing its bargaining power over the often helpless consumer. Banks need to be responsible and should not be allowed to charge in excess of £30.00 to merely confirm to a consumer that they are £1 over their limit or that a payment has been refused. It is unfair and the punishment is disproportionate to the so called crime. A rise in interest rates and increased dependence on lending means that banks are already charging the consumer enough without these excessively expensive charges for trivial issues.
Tim Hartley, Leigh, United Kingdom
How can you argue that people should not be allowed an overdraft? What about the thousands of students who live on them because there is no other way of funding a degree? Are you suggesting we abandon the majority of young people in this country (and therefore our economic prospects for the future) and put them off entering higher education even more by banning overdrafts and allowing only the rich to further their studies? Welcome back to the two-tier England people, where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Don't be so bloody ridiculous.
Julie, Liverpool,
Er Carrie, Arthur....... shouldn't you be grateful to all those feckless people who've paid for your banking up until now?
Pauline, Kingston upon Thames,
"So what is the excuse for living in debt? There isnt any."
Bought your first house with cash, did you?
Russ, Nottingham,
The majority of people these charges apply to aren't concerened with the existance of the charges, just how unrealistic they appear. This isn't a question of a "Not my fault", debt riddled society but a clear case of bankers' greed - £10 million generated JUST through these charges?
Andy, London,
Carrie, Merseyside, get your spelling right first.
Luke, Lonndon,
The main focus of the case should be Penalty charge or not.
£30 per unauthorised withdrawl is far to high for any normal person with common sense to see. Lets hope that the judge feels the same and that these 1k per hour charges per solicitor cannot put a case forward to argue that the current fees are acceptable.
My Opinion: The banks will always make money but shouldnt from £30 per unauthorised withdrawl. It is scanderlous and unacceptable. I hope the poor win and the rich lose. This case will and should prove that the fees charged are a penalty which does break codes of practice within the banking industry.
I also do agree with some views shown (responsibility) but its obvious these people can afford the current and most ridculous rates or in fact never need to borrow.
david warren, nottingham, uk
If you went into a shop and paid for 4 bags of carrots but took 5 bags of carrots, the shop would most likely prosecute for theft. Quite right too. So you have a tenner in your Bank account and you take out fifteen....how can you have the nerve to complain about the consequences!!! Maybe it should be made illegal to exceed your balance or overdraft limit ....the fees the Banks impose shouldn't be used as a deterent and should therefore be lower, but there should be some legal consequence to the situation. People need to take responsibility for themselves and live within their means. It's the 'because I'm worth it' generation again. Just take responsibility people!!!
Mark Lewis, Manchester, UK
The are more QCs representing the coroner aka 'people' involved in the Diana inquest than this case which affects far more people. If this is billed as one of the biggest cases since 88. Then why are we not represented by a better bigger team, there's billions of public money at stake.
Yet again the public interest will not be served!
A Gold, London,
Living within your means = happiness?
John, London,
Quote "People should not be allowed to have an overdraft. Living in debt. drags the whole country down."...........errm really ????? . I thought it stimulated economic growth, provided employment opportunites and kept the consumer spending. If the whole country lived within 'their personal budgets' we'd be in recession within a blink.
I think the arguement for bank charges should be along the lines that it is difficult to get out of the self-perpetulising charges. If you exceed your overdraft and get charged, and things are tight, then chances are that these charges will quickly mount up resulting in people never being able to escape from them.
What is needed is a balancing act - the credit boom has gone too far (but along the way made for some excellent economic growth stats - but in hindsight no so good huh Mr Brown).
sean, Southend, UK
arther you should get off that big high horse your on and understand some people dont earn lots of money but the cost of livein rises every day lets just hope you never fall on hard times you would soon change camps then !
brian, high wycombe, bucks
People should not be allowed to have an overdraft. Living in debt. drags the whole country down. If someone can not manage their books then they shouldn't have accounts. If you go over then you should pay for it. there are people who NEVER have a positive balance on thier account. Simply mathematics, or is this the school system... yet again. People arent educated properly because the system is crap, if you really wanted to learn then you would do it regardless of the hurdles. Information is so easily available. So what is the excuse for living in debt? There isnt any. just follow a budget, or just at the least make a budget to start with. IT isnt hard and there are MANY service's out there that can help with this. Or any accountant.
Carrie, Merseyside,
Brilliant!
Those of us who are sensible with our cash, who dont spend what we dont have, who take responsibility for their own actions, will be punished, because of stupid people.
Brilliant!
Dont you just love this culture of 'it's not my fault!'. Now it's going to cost all the sensible people who work hard.
How long would the system last if everyone joined the 'it's not my fault!' gang?
Arthur, Newcastle,
What about all the interest the bank earns from my regular salary deposits into my current account? I get none of it. What kind of "free-banking model" is that?
Duncan, Bristol,