Rhys Blakely in Bombay
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to The Sunday Times

With oil prices hovering at close to $110 a barrel, many are betting that new technologies – biofuels, hydrogen cells and solar power among them – will solve the world’s energy crisis.
A large part of the airline industry, however, is harking back to basics:
old-fashioned aircraft with propellers.
In the market for passenger craft with fewer than 70 seats, turboprops – once
condemned for noisy, bumpy rides – are outselling the equivalent regional
jets by two to one.
“Propeller-driven planes achieve massive fuel benefits on shorter journeys,”
Kapil Kaul, of the Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation, said.
For a trip of less than 600 nautical miles, or about 90 minutes’ flying time,
a turboprob may use as much as 70 per cent less fuel than a similar-sized
jet, he said.
According to Treehugger, the environmentalist website, travelling on an
aircraft such as a Bombardier Q400, one of the most advanced turboprops, can
be more environmentally friendly than going by car (but not quite as green
as taking a train).
Flybe, the British airline with a fleet of Q400s, makes a similar point in its marketing.
Indeed, there are suggestions that private jets are now passé and that turboprops are the chic way to travel.
Porter Air, the achingly hip Canadian carrier, flies Q400s between Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal. The aircrafts’ interiors are designed by Winkreative, the agency set up by Tyler Brûlé, the founder of Wallpaper magazine.
Environmental and fashion concerns overlap with business imperatives. Rising oil prices have driven aviation fuel prices up more than 60 per cent in the past year and mean that fuel costs account for a third of airlines’ running costs, compared with as little as 15 per cent before.
The impact on airline profits has helped to lift turboprop sales to about 400 last year, against about 250 jets in the same size bracket.
Prices for popular used turboprops fell by a quarter between 2001 and 2004, according to Vref, the industry’s standard value guide, weighed on by the 9/11 downturn and the emergence of a new generation of lower-cost business jets. Now they are back at their peak.
The TBM 700, recommended as the best “used personal turboprop” by Flying magazine, was first sold in 1991 and cost just under $1.3 million new. Today, those oldest models sell secondhand for just under $1.3 million (£650,000).
Flying said: “Turboprops have been counted out several times in the
past and have always bounced back, but it’s hard to remember a time when the
reversal in value and demand has happened so quickly.”
Rapid growth of domestic routes in India and China, most involving relatively
short hops between “tier two” cities, the type of journeys on which
turboprops deliver the greatest savings, has also boosted demand. Kingfisher
Airlines and Jet Airways, two of India’s leading domestic players, are among
the world’s leading owners of turboprop aircraft and both say that they will
buy more.
One of the main beneficiaries has been ATR, a joint venture between EADS, the European aerospace giant, and Alenia Aeronautica, which is enjoying a sales boom as its products move back into vogue.
From 2002 to 2004, ATR sold between 15 and 20 aircraft in the 50-seat to 70-seat size each year. Last year it sold 113, about half of them in Asia, where its aircraft are also suited to the region’s less developed airports and shorter runways.
With American carriers expected to phase out some of their fuel-thirsty regional jets early, ATR expects sales to stay strong and predicts that another 1,400 turboprops will go into service over the next ten years.
John Moore, of ATR, said: “There’s nothing on the horizon in terms of technology that looks like it will beat a turboprop in terms of efficiency in the near term. And we’ve made them more comfortable for passengers.”
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If I book a flight with Ryanair from France to Stansted the actual time in the air will be about 90 minutes but I have to allow all day for door to door travel.
Getting to and from the airport, check in, security and general waiting around all add up.
Who needs jets to go at 750mph for 90 minutes?
GJB, Slough, Berkshire
Just in response to Stephen Hulton - a turboprop engine is a jet engine that drives the propeller through a gearbox. Sir Frank Whittle was heavily involved with turboprops too and without the jet engine, propeller planes would be thirsty, heavy, slow and noisy, bit like a Lancaster bomber, really.
Nick, London, UK
The faster an object goes through a medium the more energy is required for the same distance (the square of the speed). A 10 ton canal boat can be towed by one horse but a 230mph 600kg F1 car needs 800 horses.Very costly energy = lower speed=propellor aircraft or train or boat.
Bob, London, UK
Maybe Mr Whittles invention wasn't that good after- all.The timing however was perfect.10 years earlier,imagine the consequences.Maybe easyjet should be re-branded easy-prop?
stephen hulton, eure, france
Turbo planes work quite well for within 500 miles. Any more and you are better of going with a jet due to the time. It takes roughly 3 hours to go 200 miles by car, but a turboprop will do this in about 40-45 minutes. They use it a lot for small cities here in the US.
Ronald Gardner, College Station, TX, USA
Typical of British Industry, as soon as the going gets tough we bail out. 10 years ago BAe had a marketing deal with ATR to fit there J31/41/61 turbo-props into a joint company. But as soon as quick profits did not come they pulled the plug and stopped production.
adrian, aldershot, England
Bring back the Zeppelin!
caif, washington , USA
Even by the time the Bristol Britannia rolled out - it was considered obsolete.
Unfortunately none are now flying - only a few static examples remain in the UK.
Tony Saxby, Witney,
Readers may be interested to go to http://www.sbac.co.uk/pages/92567080.asp where the industry outlines what it is doing to address aviation's impact on the environment.
One of the briefing papers there looks at open rotors with others looking at reducing noise or emissions as well as alternative fuels.
Matthew Knowles, London, UK
Whatever happened to the Bristol Britannia? I seem to recall that this was a very famous and prestigious British turboprop passenger aircraft. Does anyone know if they are still flying?
Garth Rex, Glendale Heights, USA
Unfortunately the miles flown by these slow, tiny aircraft makes them completely irrelevent. I would be amazed if the miles per passenger was 1% of turbine aircraft.
The engineering challenge of making a large 500 mph plus turboprop or conversely an ultra efficient turbine aircraft, is daunting and not thermodynamically feasible with such configurations. Tip speed controls max prop size and air mass speed and volume. Both have turbines that can never match the efficiency of a piston engine, which cannot approach the efficiency of an electric motor, which cannot achieve the efficiency of a superconducting electric motor.
A new form of lift and propulsion is needed or
a new form of ultralight or green energy storage/generation or
acceptance of much slower travel speeds with consequent reduction in growth and lower number of people on the planet that can be fed. ie as ususal, innovate or people die.
Waldo Hitcher, San Diego,
Re the comment on Hydrogen, where are you going to get it from? currently its extracted from natural gas or electrolysis, both wasteful processes, never mind the storage and transport implications of this hydrogen, all far more difficult than any other fuel.
Steve, London, UK
Larry, interesting point, except I think that airline fuel is duty free anyway isn't it?
bob, london,
Maglev trains in airless surface tunnels/tubes will eventually replace aircraft. It will take many years for the costs to come down, but it is surely the way of the future.
Sean , London, UK
Newton and Einstein formulated the limits on energy efficiency and any decent engineer can tell you that there are no scientific or technical fixes when you want to convert stuff into motion. You have to waste at least 70% of it!
Go back a few hundred years and St Thomas Acquinas said "God says take what you want- and pay for it!"
Some of your correspondents must live in fairyland! We shall have to travel less and work harder- and may be not get so fat!
Derek de Brome, Northampton, UK
how about nuclear powered engines they can fly for ever ?
and may also run trains. All they have to do is to invent small nuclear reactor.
arvind, london, uk
H2 fueled turbo-props may well be the answer to ALL air travel - providing noise abatement can be realised and NASA may have had the answer as early as 1987 when it devised the 'advanced propeller swirl recovery turbo-prop' engine.
Quiet, fuel efficient and more reliable than jet engines - it could've heralded the crack of doom for petrol futures traders and the delay of 'peak oil' as far as the air transport community is concerned.
Why would US, UK and EU politicos oppose such a technology - if not for the tax revenues collected on petrol?
Larry, Middletown, USA/NY
Now we need to develop a hydrogen powered passenger airliner. Aircraft will have propellers or be UDF (Undcuted fan). Payload can nearly double for long range flights because jet fuel mass normally exceeds payload. Vapor trails will help cool the earth. Vacations overseas will be good for the environment
William Ernest Schenewerk, Los Angeles, CA