Ben Webster, Transport Correspondent
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Rail industry leaders have accused the Government of wasting hundreds of millions of pounds and undermining the environmental benefits of rail travel by choosing diesel instead of electric trains.
Iain Coucher, chief executive of Network Rail, has written to the Department for Transport, describing its failure to electrify more lines as “very short-sighted”.
In the letter, a copy of which has been obtained by The Times, he says Britain risks being left with an outmoded, inefficient and increasingly expensive railway because the Government has “bet on the wrong type of fuel”.
Britain is one of the only countries in the world that continues to use diesel to power high speed trains. Only 39 per cent of the network is electrified, one of the lowest proportions of any leading European country.
In July The Times disclosed that an industry study had found that modern diesel trains were emitting so much pollution that it would be greener to travel by car.
The Government is planning to spend £1 billion on a new fleet of diesel trains, which will begin trials in 2012, start carrying passengers in 2015 and remain in service until 2045. They will emit at least double the carbon dioxide emissions per mile of a standard electric train.
Mr Coucher, whose letter is also signed by Adrian Shooter, chairman of the Association of Train Operating Companies, says that the Government’s recent White Paper on rail uses “misleading” arguments to justify its failure to invest in wider electrification. The Government claimed that uncertainty over how energy would be generated in future, in particular how much would come from nuclear power, meant that it should defer a decision on electrification of the railways for another five years.
Mr Coucher writes: “Diesel trains consume significant amounts of energy to simply transport heavy engines and fuel around the network.
“It seems extraordinarily incautious to be spending millions of pounds equipping a railway to run on one type of fossil fuel, only to find we have bet on the wrong type of fuel. Fossil fuels are a limited resource. Using these to power trains seems very short-sighted.”
Network Rail has calculated that it would cost £800,000 per track mile to convert lines from diesel to electricity. It would cost £380 million to electrify the Great Western main line from London Paddington to Bristol. This compares with the extra £550 million that passengers paid in fares last year over the previous year. The other main line that would benefit from electrification is the Midland Mainline from London St Pancras to Sheffield.
Eurostar has been able to claim that it emits a tenth of the CO2 per passenger compared with flying from London to Paris because its trains are electric and half their energy is generated by French nuclear power stations.
The best-performing electric trains are operated by GNER between London and Edinburgh and emit only 40g of CO2 per passenger-kilometre (g/pkm) compared with 112g/pkm for diesel Voyager trains on cross country routes. By 2022 more efficient power generation will have reduced the emissions of the GNER trains to 28g/pkm. But the emissions of the Voyagers will be unchanged.
Ministers have admitted that some trains on rural lines, such as the diesel Sprinter, are less efficient than 4x4s because they are often almost empty. Douglas Alexander said last year when he was Transport Secretary: “If ten or fewer people travel in a Sprinter, it would be less environmentally damaging to give them each a Land Rover Freelander to drive.”In a reply to Mr Coucher, Mike Mitchell, the DfT’s rail director general, said: “It does not make sense to commit now to a very expensive national electrification programme which is not justified in an economic and business sense. We recognise that there may be advantages of further electrification on some routes.”
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You are fortunate in the Isles to have the electrified rail percentage you have. Here in the US, electrified railways make up a tiny part indeed of our overall distances. But then, our outlook has been one of glorifying the internal combustion process to the detriment of anything else. Regardless of use of biodiesel or other types of renewable fuels, the creation of particulates and CO2 is little affected when fuels combust. Moreover, the implementation of rigid anti-pollution standards is vastly more difficult to apply to vast numbers of mobile and questionably maintained internal-combustion sources than to fixed, rigidly-inspected electric generating stations. Beyond that, the electrical generation does not place the exhaust within reaching distance of the noses of every citizen who lives close to a transit or railway line. That concentration, especially at the times of highest travel and exposure, is far more dangerous to humans than the remote locations of most generating stations
Tom Fairbairn, Richfield, Minnesota, USA
I wish the rail minister would just say the truth, which is "We're short-termist bean counters and don't want to invest in our national infrastructure." It's an attidue that is marginally cheaper in the very short-term, but hugely expensive long term.
The bit about electrification being "not justified in an economic and business sense" is complete rubbish. For example, I believe Network Rail have calculated the benefits of electrification on the Midland Main Line to be three times costs.
Regardless of environmental issues rapidly escalating oil costs are a reality and diesel prices are set to soar over the next few decades. A diesel train entering service today will have a lifespan of 30+ years, and it will need fuel for all of that time.
Richard, Oxford, UK
"It does not make sense to commit to a very expensive national electrification programme................".
The price of oil is rising and set to continue rising and oil will run out eventually anyway. If it is bad for the environment for me to drive my car and the government wants to tax it off the roads, why is it good to have diesel trains all over the place? Obviously we can't do the same as our european partners, that would mean admitting that we were wrong and they were right (pace nuclear power).
David Leslie, Perth, Scotland
"It does not make sense to commit now to a very expensive national electrification programme which is not justified in an economic and business sense" I expect that the same words were used by the UK Civil Service "Establishment" when anyone suggested that it would be better to invest in the nations infrastructure, rather than to permit a long term run on hiking the value of house prices through the banking system having access to all the funds that could have been used to invest.
As a nation, we desperately need a new attitude of mind at the top of our "Establishment". It is a truism that you cannot teach an old dog new tricks. This report is a complete vindication of that. On that basis, I dare to suggest that as a nation we urgently need to completely clear out, right across the board, the top three or four layers of the "Establishment" and start again with completely new people from a non-government (Local or National), business environment embedded into science and engineering.
Chris Coles, Medstead, Alton, United Kingdom
Whoever came up with that figure of £800,000 per mle for electrification should be fired - immediately.
A team of good engineers with the right leadership, given the goal of electrification of all UK rail lines to a standard system, would do it for far less.
It's the British Civil Sevice which is at fault here. It's officials are shortsighted, technically ignorant, unable to negotiate effectively with commercial companies and fearful of change. Producing outrageous costs for a project is it's traditional way of blocking anything it fears.
Peter Lloyd, BLACKER HILL, South Yorkshire
When did common sense ever have anything to do with this Governments decisions ?
Benzo, Nr Chelmsford,
I don't think there could be any more obvious a demonstration that this government, like much of this backward-looking, shortsighted country, is stuck in the rut of 'economic growth before anything'. How much more 'justification' than climate change do they need before they change their frankly ignorant policies? There will BE no economic or business sense if the planet dies.
I know Switzerland well, and there every last km of even rural branchlines is electrified and carries up-to-date, efficient mass transit trains - which are well used. It is particularly disappointing to see a supposedly left of centre administration refusing to provide much-needed social goods that are recognised for what they are everywhere else, on the grounds that they won't suit the business community. Likewise with new high speed lines - what do British governments have against railways? One utterly disillusioned British 'citizen'.
Ian Stock, Coggeshall, Essex
The government's failure to electrify more railway lines and instead to use diesel will be harmful to health. Tiny diesel particulates pass deep into the lungs where they cause damage. This can lead to asthma and other respiratory illnesses. It may have saved the Dept of Transport some money but it will cost the NHS more..
ann wills, Ruislip, England
What is this government like? Can't it get even a small thing like this right? O dear!
D Case, Newquay,
The prototype Diesel engine ran on peanut oil. Diesel engines can run on bio-diesel or with some modification plain vegetable oil. It could well be that if the source of the fuel were changed in the future these engines would be both cheaper to run than electric engines and put less net carbon into the atmosphere in the long run.
rich, oxfordshire, uk
Just travelled by train from Vladivostock to Moscow, Berlin, and Paris.
The whole route is electrified - some 13,500 kilometers, if countries like Russia can electrify a main line across Siberia, it seems inconceivable that Britain can't.
While the Russian equipment would not win any beauty contests it clearly works, and works well.
The trend of oil prices is ever upward, how long before it does make business sense? Surely ways to electrify more cheaply should be being sought.
M Peakman, Seoul, South Korea