Ben Webster, Transport Correspondent
We've made some changes
to The Sunday Times

Speed cameras are to be installed on large sections of the motorway network under a government plan to reduce congestion and vehicle emissions by cutting and strictly enforcing the speed limit at peak times.
The plan was announced as the Department for Transport published forecasts that congestion will rise by at least 28 per cent by 2025. It believes that “active traffic management” — in which the speed limit varies according to the conditions — will be a cheaper way of accommodating rising traffic levels than widening motorways.
Proposals to widen the M6 between Birmingham and Manchester and sections of the M1 may now be dropped. The department will instead build gantries at intervals across congested sections of the motorway network. The gantries will carry cameras and digital signs displaying the limit, which will be reduced to between 40mph and 60mph depending on the volume of traffic.
A trial of the variable-speed-limit system on the M42, southeast of Birmingham, has shown that more than 95 per cent of drivers comply. The limit on the 11-mile stretch of motorway is enforced by eight cameras rotated among 96 locations.
Police have tended to carry out very little speed-limit enforcement on motorways and a government survey found that more than half of cars on the motorway network exceeded the 70mph limit last year.
The M42 trial, and a similar scheme on the southwest section of the M25, found that reducing the limit resulted in faster average journeys because vehicles were less likely to brake sharply, which causes tailbacks. Overall fuel consumption fell by 4 per cent and vehicle emissions by 10 per cent.
The trial included use of the hard shoulder as a running lane in peak times and found that this reduced average journey times on the northbound carriageway by more than a quarter.
Ruth Kelly, the Transport Secretary, confirmed yesterday that the hard shoulder would be used as an extra lane on two short sections of the M6. She also said that variable speed limits would be introduced on other parts of the motorway around Birmingham and that a feasibility study would take place into introducing them across much of the motorway network.
In an interview with The Times, she said: “The trial shows there is a real culture change. People are focusing on the way they are driving and there is almost complete compliance with the limit. It’s about trying to encourage a regular flow of traffic rather than stop-start conditions. It reduces emissions and many people would prefer it to taking land to widen a road.”
She said that the study would consider introducing different speed limits for different lanes. On a four-lane motorway, the limit on the two outside lanes could be 60mph while on the two inside lanes, where traffic joins and exits, the limit could be reduced to 40mph or 50mph.
The Transport Department forecasts show that, even assuming improvements to traffic flow on motorways, journeys on roads in England will take 4 per cent, or three seconds, longer per kilometre by 2025.
Theresa Villiers, the Shadow Transport Secretary, said that Mrs Kelly was seeking to distract attention from cuts in the roadbuilding programme. “Conservatives welcome more hard-shoulder driving and we have repeatedly called for more active traffic management and efficient use of existing road space,” Ms Villiers said. “However, such schemes should not be used as an excuse to put the brakes on the much-needed improvement to the worst road bottlenecks.”
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Speed limits on motorways are fine for controlling traffic flow. Speed limit signs on motorways are now a disaster under the Highways Agency; why can't they employ people who are trained to turn variable speed limit signs OFF when its quiet. There is nothing more annoying than slowing to 40mph at midnight for an empty motorway!!
Peter, Bracknell,
I'm an Englishman living in America. For fifteen years, I've work as a right of way acquisition consultant. I purchase property for road widening under the American eminent domain laws. Our company operates in five states for many governmental authorities.
When I return to England, I'm aghast. Traffic congestion is unbearable. You should seriously consider widening the motorways. Trust me, contrary to popular opinion, this is a highly effective remedy. If the pipes at your house were narrow and repeatedly became blocked, wouldn't you consider installing wider pipes that could handle a greater volume of flow? Of course you would; it would be common sense. The environmental consequences are limited, because you would be only enlarging existing corridors.
Nick Bowman, Tampa, Florida/US
If undertaking was allowed as in America ( and they are brain dead when it comes to driving, even small corners seem to scare them to death ) it would take away the lane hoggers. If one lane is travelling slower than what you want to go then get in anothe lane, any lane. I have travelled many thousand miles in America and have never had a problem with it. There are no lane hoggers so no queues behind them and no road rage.It works perfectly well over there so why is it considered such a heinous crime over here?
Mike Westrup, Oakham, Rutland
Of course we need to address the high density traffic on our motorways, but different speeds for different lanes sounds both dangerous and impossible to police. (just like mobile phones).Nothing will be of much help to people on the M25 who can't get to 40mph very often, anyway. What is badly needed is educating drivers in the correct way to use the motorways, there are too many drivers who insist on staying in the middle lane doing 70 mph recognised as 'MIDDLE LANE MIMSERS' we also have others who insist on moving from lane to lane in heavy traffic hoping to save a space. And don't forget the drivers who are unable to adjust their speed to maintain proper distances, if they could manage this, it would stop this idiotic panic breaking and maintain steady traffic flow. We should also penalise drivers of lorries who insist on overtaking other lorries going 1mile an hour slower than they are this has the effect of creating a two lane.
I REST MY CASE.
Sylvie - Gloucestershire
Sylvia, Stroud, Gloucestershire
quoting Ruth Kelly "The trial shows there is a real culture change. People are focusing on the way they are driving and there is almost complete compliance with the limit" The reason for compliance is due to the deployment of average speed cameras. What's wrong with variable limits from the normal speed limit during peak hours to 100mph between 12am and 5am. It's quite safe even at over 100mph or even 150mph+ on an empty motorway as demonstrated by the Germans on their autobahns.
Bob, London,
The variable speed zone is reacting to the bunching that is inevitable when human reactions are involved in dense traffic. Its trying to prevent the phantom congestion building by slowing the traffic arriving at the back of it. Problem is you ignore the speed limits and consequently arrive in the queue.
Do as the system asks, stick to the speed limits and you might never see the queue. You'll then complain that the speed limit was spurious but in fact the system will have done its job, your journey will indeed be quicker and also probably safer.
Pete, Edinburgh,
Over half of drivers admit to speeding on the motorway yet they are still the safest place to drive, what does that tell you?
ed, ottawa, Canada
Whenever I use the M25 the only significant parts that I always hit traffic on (not accouting for accidents) is when I enter the variable speed limit zone. This bunches up all the drivers who crawl along at the limit, and as soon as the zone ends all speed up straight away to 70 or more. How does this "reduce average journey times?"
Ian, Kent,
Thank God I have cruise control. I have to admit to selecting the appropriate speed and then letting technology take its course. I must admit to sitting in the left lane (not the middle one) and have a long line of similar people obeying the limits behind me.
I normally select the limit speed plus 1 mph and it works!
I expect that I could go up to 5 mph faster but - why take the risk?
I've used this for the past few years and never had a single speeding ticket yet!
Graham Probert, Camberley, surrey
Speed cameras on motorways? Whatever next?
peter, reading, berks
the M6 on any afternoon and especially Fridays is already so congested that 40mph would be a pipe dream.
what worries me is the thought of people looking at their speedos rather than the road. It gives the govt the fig leaf of action and saves them having to spend the money they get from motoring on roads.
Just wait for the accident statistics to go up.
Trevor, Oxford,
The real issue on motorways is not one of speed or the so-called ripple effect. Rather, it is the lack of maintenance of a 'safe' distance between cars. It the focus was on this particular aspect of driving habits and not on speed there would be a marked improvement in safely and journey times.
Pol, London,
OK fine, so I can see how a lower speed limit would help to stop the dangerous "accelerate-brake-accelerate" ripple effect that you get on crowded motorways. However, I cannot see how the government's enforcement cameras would solve the multitude of of other issues that reduce traffic capacity.
Some behaviours actually require driver education to change, preferably by a full-time, fully trained, police officer with a nice big pad of tickets for those who fail the attitude test.
Examples of what I'm talking about include middle lane hoggers, 56mph-limited lorries overtaking 55mph-limited ones, people who jink from lane to lane in heavy traffic trying to get one car space ahead and people who leave far too little space from the car in front to adjust speed without braking.
Using variable speed limits and revenue cameras to try to address underlying problems like this is the veritable sticky plaster on the bleeding gash that is inconsiderate driver behaviour.
Chris Pickles, Riddlesden, UK
Good idea. Although i would still recommend that the "Sunday drivers" and Middle lane motorway hoggers who tend to populate the motorways at peak times ought to stick to the left hand lane and leave the inside lane to those who have things to do and places to be.
ANDREW EZEA, Hackney, LONDON
Brilliant idea but not going far enough. The new, 40 mph M42 motorway should certainly be re-named B42M.
Mariusz Kuklinski, London,