Ben Webster, Transport Correspondent
We've made some changes
to The Sunday Times
The British are more dependent on their cars than any other European nationality. They are reluctant to catch buses and will leave their cars behind only if there is a convenient train. Only the Portuguese walk less, a survey has found.
The Government’s Commission for Integrated Transport (CfIT) studied travel patterns in major European countries to learn how to reduce congestion and improve quality of life.
A previous study by the commission showed that Britain had the worst congestion in Europe and the longest average daily commuting time. The average British worker spends 46 minutes a day commuting, ten minutes more than French workers and twice the Italians.
The study shows that Britain has much lower levels of car ownership than other large European countries but that its cars are more intensively used. There were 463 cars for every 1,000 Britons in 2004, compared with 581 cars in Italy, 550 in Germany and 503 in France.
Yet despite being less likely to own a car, Britons rely on them more heavily. Cars accounted for 89 per cent of the total distance travelled by motorised transport in Britain in 2003. In Austria and Ireland, buses and trains accounted for almost a quarter of the distance travelled.
The study gave warning that congestion in Britain would become much worse if car ownership rose to the European average of 510 cars per 1,000 people. Britain already has more cars and more people per mile of motorway than any other European country except Ireland, according to separate figures published by the European Commission.
There were 8,000 cars and 17,000 people per kilometre of motorway in Britain, compared with 2,500 cars and 5,000 people in France and 3,500 cars and 7,000 people across the 15 European Union states before enlargement in 2004.
The starkest difference between Britain and the rest of Europe was in the level of cycling. The CfIT study found that the average Briton cycled 75km (46 miles) a year, while the average European cycled almost three times as far, covering 189km. Even the Germans, who cycled 291km, were put to shame by the Danes and Dutch, who cycled 936km and 848km respectively. The study said: “The UK weather is no excuse — Denmark has a very similar climate. It is also interesting to note that, as leaders in more active travel, Denmark and the Netherlands have obesity rates of less than half that of the UK.”
One of the few areas in which Britain set a good example to the rest of Europe was in road safety. Yet even there it has allowed itself to be overtaken by the Netherlands and Sweden. There were 5.6 deaths for every 100,000 people in Britain in 2004, compared with 4.9 in the Netherlands and 5.3 in Sweden. Britain also has a poor record for pedestrian safety, with pedestrians accounting for more than a fifth of its road deaths, the highest proportion in Europe.
But British drivers are more likely to carry passengers, contributing to comparatively low carbon dioxide emissions per person from transport. Only the Netherlands, Germany, Greece and Portugal have lower emissions.
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Public Transport here in the UK is disjointed, infrequent and expensive. An adult with children will find it cheaper and quicker to use his own transport.
As far as cycling goes, in comparison with Europe the UK is very dangerous. In Germany there are cycle lanes on the pavement. Here they are rarely found, and are usually only separated from the rest of the traffic by a white line! Worse still, the cycle lanes are often only designated as such during peak hours. During these hours the lanes are frequently obstructed by vehicles.
Drivers who are relatively polite to other drivers, don't seem to notice pedestrians and cyclists here. Many times when cycling along the road, drivers who wish to turn into the road will project their cars into the road despite seeing that they are thereby forcing me to move further out into the middle of the road. This is not only selfish but dangerous. No wonder cyclists suffer a high accident rate. Hardly encouraging to those wishing to cycle to work.
Dave Chabibi, Manchester, UK
The reason for such high dependency on the car is the total absence outside urban areas of alternatives. Even within the urban connurbations the alternatives have been whittled away. The tory government's obsession with oil (the transport minister who commissioned the Beeching plan was a director of an oil company) and its revenue over the years since the war and the decimation of the (electricity generating) coal industry in a power struggle with the unions have reduced the viability of public transport to such an extent that we are now having to pay through the nose to simply keep up with where we should have been forty years ago, let alone expand our rail system. As for buses, who wants to be on a sardine can full of other rowdy smelly sardines? In our city most bus routes start and/or terminate on council estates so who in their right mind would want to join an outing from there?
Ian Wheaton, Southampton,
The reason for Britain's grim performance in the area of car over-dependency can be laid firmly at the door of transport policy-makers from Dr Beeching onwards. Far more choice NOT to use a car exists in most other European countries, simply because they have retained and built up their rail systems - the most effective alternative to the car. Road-addicted British governments have encouraged car-dependency by cutting back the railway and failing to ensure over many decades that it has kept pace with what was needed.
David Bond, Wellington, New Zealand
I have to drive everywhere as last October Hampshire County Council withdrew our local bus service along with 7 others in order to save £200,000. Alton is 3.5 miles from us so it is a little too far to walk along a busy main road without pavements in order to catch some form of public transport.
Oh, by the way, I am over 60 and have abus pass but I have to drive to Alton or Basingstoke in order to use it!!!
John Evans, Alton, Hampshire, UK
I have to drive everywhere as last October Hampshire County Council withdrew our local bus service along with 7 others in order to save £200,000. Alton is 3.5 miles from our home so it is a little too far to walk along a busy main road without pavements in order to catch some form of public transport.
Oh and by the way, I am over 60 and have a bus pass but I would have to drive to Alton or Basingstoke to use it!!!
John Evans, Alton, Hampshire, UK
Ok for me and a colleague to get to London from Nottingham wouldcost anything from £90- 200 and £12 for some travel cards when I get there. Or I can drive to Luton and park the car for £3 and get acouple of travel cardsfor about £30. So by using the car including petrol its about £40.
Until the train is viable I'm using the car.
But it gets better! To get from Cornwall to Nottingham by train takes 7-8 hours and cost £90-120 or I can drive in about 5 hours for about £40 of petrol. Or I can get a plane to Manchester and then a train to Nottingham for about £110 and be home in three hours!
Public transport, especially local buses are badly run and over priced, and therefore cannot compare.
Local transport in Nottingham is rarely on time (buses, train and Tram) are dirty and It is cheaper to drive into the city and park. taxing motorists is not going to get people onto public transport - properly run competative pricing will.
J S, Shottingham,
There we have it - yes we do love our cars. So why are we allowing these politicians to penalise us for using them? We need a car friendly party with Jeremy Clarkson as PM perhaps.
Mike Rose, Soham Cambs, UK
I think the government is fully aware of how best to reduce congestion and get more people onto public transport, but chooses not to. The question i ask myself is why doesn't it take the appropriate steps? It certainly takes a massive amount of income from motorists and doesn't return it to improve the roads, which would be one of my answers. To subsidise public transport would be costly also.
I often travel by bus here, which is sometimes ghastly, but the price is the equivalent to 7 pence, so i don't mind. Of course the wages are much lower. Car-ownership is far beyond the reach of many, but the bus routes are extensive and i've never had to wait more than 15 minutes for the next one. In the centre of the city you will often see ten buses waiting in a queue at the main stop, and every one will take on passengers. It can be a daunting experience the first couple of times, but this doesn't quite replace the stress of finding a parking space if you're driving.
Justin, Wuhan, China
If, with our already appalling levels of traffic congestion - itself one of the reasons for bus services being expensive, unreliable and therefore (outside London) poorly used - our car ownership levels are relatively low, heaven help us (as the study warns) if those levels go much higher. Paolo from Rome is right in attributing much of the blame to Thatcher's contempt of anyone trying to help by using public transport. But perhaps Paolo hasn't been in London recently, where Ken Livingstone - despite some odd political stunts - is the only politician actually doing something about the travel problem. His use of congestion charge revenue to put more buses on the road and lessen the congestion they encounter, as well as seeking improved facilities for pedestrians and cyclists, ought to be widely copied elsewhere.
Barry, Wallington, UK
The fact that england has lower levels of car ownership than other
european countries is telling: england has a considerably lower standard
of living, with less disposable income, than most other major european
countries. Quite simply, its poorer. The economy is not booming as
we are so often told; the real economy is in serious recession due to
unfettered free trade, and the only thing keeping the veneer or prosperity
going is the enormous debt built up in the housing market.
sally james, london,
I wonder why the Dutch and Danes cycle so much? The Swiss so little? Duh!
This said, UK is locked in a public transport death spiral thanks to Thatcher &Co. Low levels of public transport subsidy, beginning in the 1980s, mean high ticket prices, poor service and low levels of use for all but unavoidable (read: commuting, too young, too old, banned) public transport journeys.
A succession of governments hasn't been able to equate better public transport with less congestion, and happier, more productive people paying more tax. The closest we (nearly) got was Red Ken's "Fare's fair" before the Eton dunces abolished the GLC. Perhaps Ken will try again?
Paolo Bagarino, Roma, Italia
I'd love to cycle instead of go by car, but most of my possible routes would involve cycling on an A road with no cycle path in company of speeding trucks and cars. You'd have to be nuts to do it. Even madder to permit a child to do it. Holland has cycle lanes which make it possible to cycle safely, and trains which will accept cycles. Our government bleats about green transport but has no idea or plans for how to make it possible for us to travel in any other way than by car.
George Johnson, London,
I'd love to go by train instead of my car but it costs far too much and is dirty, unreliable and uncomfortable. We go to France, Holland and Italy every year and we use their trains which are cheap, clean, reliable and comfortable. This Government has no idea how an effective transport system should work.
David Lewis, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire