Robin Pagnamenta, Energy and Environment Editor
We've made some changes
to The Sunday Times
Jeroen van der Veer, the chief executive of Royal Dutch Shell, has given warning that a proposed European Union scheme to force companies to pay for carbon emissions permits previously handed out free threatens to destroy Europe’s petrochemicals and refining industry.
Mr van der Veer told The Times that the EU needed to be careful not to trigger an exodus of European jobs and investment offshore with no net reduction in global emissions.
Speaking in The Hague, he said that the proposals would undermine the competitiveness of a struggling industry and have a cascading impact on Europe’s wider economy because of the close links between the region’s oil, chemicals and plastics industries, which collectively support nearly two million jobs.
He said: “In the past 20 years the refining industry in Europe has been very difficult . . . But if we have additional penalties because we move away from a system of free allocations to a large extent, then in such a marginal industry that is a real problem.”
In January the European Commission announced measures designed to cut EU emissions of CO2 by 20 per cent of 1990 levels by 2020. One of the cornerstones was a reform of the emissions trading scheme (ETS), which allocates a free, fixed quota of emissions permits to heavy industry.
The Commission has proposed that from 2013 oil refineries and airlines, and possibly other sectors, will have to pay for 20 per cent of their emissions permits, rising to 100 per cent by 2020. It hopes to formalise the plan by the end of the year.
“We don’t want to threaten draconian measures,” Mr van der Veer said. “We prefer to make the case in a positive way. But it’s a hell of a lot of employment.”
His comments were rejected by Peter Madden, chief executive of Forum for the Future, the sustainable development charity, who said: “The EU emissions trading scheme is the most important initiative we currently have in the world to tackle climate change. Our major companies need to be getting behind it and investing in a low-carbon future and not trying to undermine positive action.”
Mr van der Veer said that a level playing field for industry was critical if the ETS were to succeed in cutting emissions. He said: “If the regional block is big enough, then that is OK. But it gets very difficult for energy-intensive industries. What will happen if you have to buy auction rights inside EU but not outside?”
He claimed that Europe’s oil-refining industry, which employs about 100,000 people directly and represents 18 per cent of global refining capacity, should be rewarded, not punished, for the progress that it has made to enhance energy efficiency.
“In Europe our industry is already quite efficient,” Mr van der Veer said, “and if [it] is more energy-efficient than elsewhere, then you should not drive that industry away. Maybe we need to benchmark EU industry with the outside world. If it is energy-efficient, you should get a lot of free allocations . . . You have to start with lots of free allocations to get the system to work. Then, over time, you can tighten the measures.” He indicated that the global nature of the oil and chemicals industries would force them towards lower-cost regions. Shell has sold three of its refineries in France because of concerns over profitability.
“The industries are very international,” he said. “A lot of our refining is Middle Eastern oil, a lot of which is then exported to the US.”
Europe’s petrochemicals industry has an annual turnover of €74 billion (£59 billion), according to the European producers’ association.
Turning off the taps across Europe
Refining industry
€74bn Annual turnover of Europe’s petrochemicals industry
105 Number of oil refineries in the EU
18% Proportion of global production
725m Tonnes of petroleum products refined annually
The carbon scheme
— The EU Emission Trading Scheme is the world’s only compulsory carbon trading
programe
— Phase I commenced operation in January 2005
— A healthy London-centred market in carbon credit trading established
— New EU proposals will compel polluters to buy credits currently available
under quotas
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The 'historical mistake' of the European Commission is that allowances have been and untill 2013 will be allocated based on historical emissions. By doing so the most efficient producers are being punished for their low emissions in the past. It also creates the 'windfall profits' since producers have the opportunity to reduce their production and sell allowances. The simple and effective solution for these problems is that companies get allowances based on a standard per unit of production. In that case the most efficient companies can sell and inefficient companies have to buy allowances. This will be the driver for better efficiency, without negative impact on the efficient producers that comply with the standards. In order to reduce the total emission the standards can be reduced gradually overtime.
Jan Berends, Einighausen, Netherlands
The EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) as originally designed and implemented in Phases 1 and 2 was/is very sensible. Regrettably, the normal teething problems of the Scheme (like all new schemes) have been met with loud calls (bordering on mass hysteria), for radical changes, often with scant regard for the macroeconomic consequences. If the original design of the EU-ETS is faulty, there are most definitely less socio-economically disruptive ways to fix the problem than travel the auctions route.
Kasim, Aberdeen, UK
Innovating to low-carbon business is a way of cutting costs big time. Smart corporations recognise that high-carbon suppliers are inherently wasting money. Why should a customer accept products and services from suppliers that don't bother to go low-carbon and slash the cost base. Have a look at the carbon questionnaires that suppliers are having to fill in now. They are being carbon scored on their answers and customers are deciding how to build low-carbon supply chains on the basis of the answers. A high-carbon business cull is in process. The petro industry has the opportunity to innovate and be part of new low-carbon supply chains and the same message goes way up through the materials chains (eg to the plastics etc). Why go for a petroplastic when a bioplastic may have half the carbon footprint and be more carbon competitive?
As far as ice sheet disintegration is concerned, it is worth doing a bit of reading around about what is happening now to the ice sheets and shelves.
Michael, Halesworth, UK
Emissions allowances are trading at less than 10% of energy costs. All companies can make low cost savings or get govenrment grants and tax breaks for energy efficiency of 20 to 30%. This means oil companies could make money on reducing emissions, so why complain? Perhaps they are really concerned about the loss of sales if everyone reduced their energy usage by 20-30%.
If we want equity in emissions reduction by the EU and to prevent export of jobs, we may have to put an import tax on goods based on their carbon content.
Esco, Edinburgh, UK
Whoever dreamed up the whole idea of "carbon trading" is obviously a public employee somewhere with nothing better to do than impose additional taxation on the consumer.
Whatever name or excuse is given, all and every form of taxation (call it surcharge, penalty or green or whatever) will end up out of the pockets of the working taxpayer.
Eventually the European people and economies will become so financially and commercially distorted that we will become a rather worthless third world economy.
Any and every tax raised in such causes must be completely counterbalanced by equivalent tax reductions to reach across the same payee group within the economy.
Chris Goodman, Fareham, England
"Assuming we have a 5 metre rise by 2100, think about how that may evolve over the coming decades. "
Lovely word "assuming",useful for hypothetical arguments.Of course,none of the refinery companies will notice the rising sea level during the 92 years to 2100.
What about innovation? Look at the things that didn't even exist 92 years ago.Stop this hysterical Chicken Little "The sky is falling we are all going to die" nonsense.
Businesses will evolve,but if they are driven out of Europe,Europe will remain a poor backwater this century.
Peter, Manchester, England
It does not matter if a refinery is in Europe or newly-built in the Far East. The ice sheets are disintegrating and sea level rise will impact refineries (which are mostly on the coast). Assuming we have a 5 metre rise by 2100, think about how that may evolve over the coming decades. Check out locations of existing and new build refineries using Google Earth. Think about how supply chains - whether European or Far Eastern may be affected. Think about capex and operational integrities of these expesnive systems. The oil industry, whichever components of it are considered, must address the climate change problem that it is contributing to. Arguments about marginal business are pure whinge. The argument goes directly to innovation, and specifically low-carbon innovation. The oil industry should not be frightened by innovation. Its leaders should transform it to be a successful part of the low-economy global economy.
Michael, Halesworth, UK
Winstonian you have hit the nail on the head there, the religion of climate change.
But dont blame it on science, its all about politicians bending the truth. I firmly believe there are plenty of scientists more than sceptical about the claimedd climate change, like you and me.
Paul, Andover,
While greens collars politicians are asking EU Oil an Chemicals Cos to reduce CO2 emissions by 20%, China is starting a new coal plant to produce energy per day.
EU will loose jobs for what ? Are we crazy, on that side of this small planet ?
Michel Jutharat, Marseille, France
Michael from Halesworth, listen to what he's saying- the petchem industry in Europe is more efficient than elsewhere, if you penalise them financially like this then it will drive down their competitive edge and the industry will be outsourced to the middle east and fareast where it is likely the plants will not be more energy efficient. So for no net reductions in global emissions you drive away well established energy efficient business, and engender job losses in europe, which has a knock on effect to everyone in the UK and should concern you.
this is nothing to do with whingeing, this is reasoned argument against an admirable idea which may have unforeseen/unplanned and negative consequences.
Tim, singapore,
The general public does not see what is happening in petrochemical - because the media doesn't report it. Bulk manufacturing is moving to the middle east. Massive projects are underway out there right now - the chemical industry will go the way of the shipping industry unless someone wakes up fast.
Man in a Shed, Woking, England
The whole concept of a carbon trading scheme is crazy . It is an invitation to fraud on an unprecedented scale which will make the CAP and inter country VAT scams look trivial .
What happened to free trade concepts , all this carbon scheme will acheive is millions of bureaucrats & legal argument , not one iota of benefit to Europe.
rob ackman, lancaster, uk
The religion of 'climate change', the pomposity of politicians, and divination of scientists will cause the total downfall of western society. Scientists have become the new prophets, their scientific studies have consistently proved to be flawed - yet politicians use their flawed 'evidence' without question to force their policies on the people, who deferentially follow like sheep. The case for climate change has not been proven beyond doubt, but self serving politicians, suffering from delusions of grandeur, and to justify their existence, force policies through that will damage our industry base probably beyond repair, based on that flawed evidence.
China, India et al seem to be far far wiser and will take full advantage of western vanity. We will surely become the poor relation to the world if we continue to self-harm as we are doing today. Self important politicians and flawed science have too much power; they have overgrown the proverbial garden: - prune both aggressively -now!
winstonian, Darlington, UK
Remember Y2k. I do. I spent three years of my life fixing the problems.
I wish companies had the same approach with climate change.
JC, London, UK
It is a shame that one of the leaders of the most powerful and influential companies on earth is unwilling to give a rallying call to low-carbon innovation. The refineries are under threat from climate change: eg sea level rises (eg 5 metre rise by 2100) could submerge oil production facilities in the coming decades and increasingly extreme weather conditions (hurricanes etc) could jeopardise safe operations of industrial plant, causing intermittent choke within supply chains etc.
The world needs business and industrial leaders to show leadership. Whinging that the emergence of a low-carbon economy will threaten an industrial sector and stimulate it to innovate, innovate and innovate and embrace and deliver change to safeguard the planet is pathetic. Now is the opportunity for Europe to gain a low-carbon competitive edge, not throw it away to whinge. Show some leadership.
Michael, Halesworth, UK
The world needs oil, its cheap and no real practicle alternative is available just yet. Even at US$100 / $150 / $200 a barrel oil is still cheap and more enviromentaly friendly than the current alternatives when the whole production and use cost is calculated.
Look at the real problems the increase in grain price is causing to the words 3rd world due to the rush for Bio fuel? Bread doubling in price? people are going to starve to death because the enviromental policies are not being thought through, while rich investors make a lot of money out of subsidies and the green bandwagon.
Remember Y2K? The green loby is being run along the same lines. All poilceys need to be co-ordianted world wide and not just in Europe. With out a global agreement and consensus we are not going to acheive anything.
The issues raised by the Shell Boss are very valid points. Shifting the business out of europe will mean lower emmision requirements wherever they relocate to.
James G, Shanghai,