Elizabeth Judge
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A clampdown on fake and exaggerated “green” claims has been launched by Britain’s advertising watchdog after a flurry of complaints about unsubstantiated environmental boasts by some of the world’s best-known companies.
After upholding complaints about companies including Toyota, Volkswagen and Scottish & Southern Energy, the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) has told businesses that they must not misrepresent or overstate their claims to being eco-friendly.
In the rush to win over environmentally conscious customers, it says, companies are too easily associating their products with “buzz” phrases such as “carbon offsetting” and “carbon neutral” without providing evidence to back up their claims.
The watchdog is reminding companies that any such claims must be supported by proof. Companies should also not present claims as being universally accepted if the science is, as yet, inconclusive, it says.
In addition, it is telling businesses to avoid sweeping statements about being “environmentally friendly” if there is no way that they can prove it.
As eco-friendliness becomes universally accepted as worthy cause, companies are jostling to prove their green credentials and tap into the lucrative market for associated products.
A recent report from the Soil Association found that last year organic food and drink sales in the UK approached the £2 billion mark for the first time.
Retail sales of organic products were worth an estimated £1.9 million, up 22 per cent on the previous year. Britain’s organic market is now the third-largest in Europe, after Germany and Italy.
Marks & Spencer recently announced plans to spend £200 million over the next five years on going green. The move followed the group’s Behind the Label campaign, highlighting its environmental and ethical business practices, which was one of its most successful advertising schemes.
However, scrutiny of some companies’ claims has found them wanting: Since October 2006 the ASA has upheld 17 complaints about advertisers who have misled consumers by making unproven claims.
Christopher Graham, the director-general of the ASA, said: “Companies are seeking to tap into greater awareness and concern about green issues, but they need to be careful they are not getting it wrong.
“If a company makes a claim that is not [fair], the ASA will check it out and find you out.”
Companies that have been criticised by the authority include Toyota. The ASA upheld a complaint that a television advertisement for its Prius vehicle misleadingly exaggerated the environmental benefits of the car.
The complaint centred around the advert’s claim that the Prius “emits up to one tonne less CO2 per year” than equivalent family cars with a diesel engine. The ASA said it did not consider that Toyota’s evidence demonstrated that it emitted one tonne less than equivalent vehicles with diesel engines.
Scottish & Southern Energy has also come under fire from the watchdog over claims in a leaflet that it would plant trees to balance the CO2 produced by consumers’ gas heating and household waste.
The ASA said that the energy group could not provide evidence to show the amount of CO2 that would be absorbed by the trees planted - hence it was not possible to determine whether the trees would balance the CO2 produced by the gas heating and household waste of the average British household.
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Will the ASA also be clamping down on bogus claims by "green" bodies such as the Soil Association claiming benefits for Organic food which simply don't exist and alternative energy companies expounding doomsday scenarios if "something" isn't done. A case in point is the current "consultation" for Transport for London in respect of linking the level of congestion charge to exhaust emissions. In order to skew the results, the advertisements claim that current levels of emissions are "not sustainable". Why? What evidence do they have that the CO2 emissions of people entering the congestion charge zone are so important to the world environment that something must be done?
Wilkie, London, UK
It's about time! The consumer is definitely being 'conned' by companies into believing that something is 'green', 'eco-friendly', etc when they clearly are not . They are taking advantage of the lack of knowledge about the subject of the majority of the general population.
The next area that needs to be looked into are some of the claims in advertising made by the large homebuilding companies in order to sell their homes as being 'green, 'environmentally friendly', 'energy saving', 'low CO2', etc , which are simply inaccurate and totally misleading.
It's painfully obvious to those of us that do know about the subject, that this is advertising gimickry in its most pure, simple, and dishonest form that is aimed only to deceive!
Malcolm Worby Designs - Natural & Sustainable Building and Energy Consultants.
Malcolm Worby, Cape Town, RSA
It is good to hear that the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) is clamping down on fake and exaggerated âgreenâ claims â there are certainly plenty around. On the other hand, there is a baby in the bathwater.
Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE) fell foul of the ASA last year by claiming it planted trees to balance CO2 emissions produced by consumerâs gas heating and household waste. And indeed there is truth in the statement because World Land Trust, a registered charity which saves and replants forests for biodiversity, organises the planting of these trees. I can confirm that they are averaging more than 150,000 trees a year across three years, and are being planted by WLTâs local NGO partners in Ecuador, Paraguay and Brazil. These are all native trees, reforesting areas that extend or buffer threatened habitat for endangered species.
This is surely commendable â if the El Oro Parakeet survives, for example, Scottish and Southern Energy and its consumers have played an important role. And reforestation is a fully acceptable way of absorbing atmospheric CO2. It is included in the Clean Development Mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol and forest-based approaches, including curbing deforestation, are most likely going to become even more important in the future, as expressed in the recent Stern Report.
So, should SSE have couched its agreement with WLT in terms of CO2 absorbed rather than trees planted? Possibly yes is the answer if SSE are promoting their âgreenâ claims based on offsetting CO2 emissions. But tree-planting is an acknowledged part of the tool-kit to sequester greenhouse gas emissions, alongside other approaches. We believe that SSE is taking a realistic and informed approach with clearly demonstrable results. A superficial greenwash? â most definitely not.
John A Burton
CEO, World Land Trust
www.worldlandtrust.org
john A Burton, Halesworth, England, Suffolk
They should fine anyone for claiming to be green, even if they are 'carbon neutral'. Why? Because all they are doing is promoting a new-age anti-human anti-capitalist religion. Trees don't 'absorb' CO2 they need it to survive, the more CO2 the more trees. It's that simple. To be anti-CO2 is to be anti-green. Kind of ironic I think.
Matt, melbourne, Australia