Patrick Hosking, Christine Seib and Siobhan Kennedy
We've made some changes
to The Sunday Times
More British banks are poised to tap shareholders for billions of pounds in emergency capital, Mervyn King, the Governor of the Bank of England, revealed yesterday.
As Royal Bank of Scotland put the finishing touches to a £12 billion rights issue, expected to be announced today, Mr King hinted strongly that RBS would be the first of many.
“I’m pleased that banks have recognised the need to raise capital. I expect we will see more of it in the coming weeks,” he said as he announced details of the Bank’s plan to loosen the paralysed money markets with a £50 billion injection of fresh liquidity.
Bank shares dived as investors speculated on likely contenders to follow RBS’s lead, with Barclays and HBOS seen as favourites among the biggest banks. Alliance & Leicester and Bradford & Bingley are also under pressure.
Unless sovereign wealth funds buy new bank shares at a premium, existing bank shareholders are likely to be asked for tens of billions of pounds in fresh equity, analysts said. JPMorgan estimated that Britain’s four largest banks had a £37 billion shortfall in capital — £13 billion for RBS, £11 billion for HBOS, £8 billion for Barclays and £4 billion for Lloyds TSB. “Lack of capital in the UK banks is a systemic issue, not only a RBS-specific one,” it said.
Merrill Lynch analysts said that RBS’s rivals were likely to feel pressure to reveal losses and raise capital once the Edinburgh-based bank had successfully tapped shareholders.While US banks have been strengthening their balance sheets with share issues since December, their UK counterparts have been reluctant to do the same — to the growing concern of officials in Threadneedle Street.
RBS is expected today to announce plans for a rights issue of about £12 billion and to unveil about £6 billion before tax in fresh losses because of US sub-prime lending, other structured credit and leveraged loans. It is also set to announce the possible £5 billion auction of its Direct Line general insurance arm. The RBS board was meeting last night to approve the plans.
Mr King hailed his new bonds-for-mortgages scheme as the best way of improving liquidity in the banking system and restoring confidence. Banks are able to exchange illiquid securities such as securitised mortgages and credit card debt with the Bank for highly liquid government securities for up to three years.
“This is not a bailout for banks,” Mr King said. “The objective is not to protect the banks. It is to protect the public from the banks.”
Banks largely welcomed the special liquidity scheme, with Barclays pledging to participate in it and other banks saying that it would be widely used. However, some commentators were sceptical, arguing that the terms set by the Bank were too harsh.
There was little evidence of any immediate relief for the paralysed interbank lending market. Three-month sterling Libor, the closely watched rate at which banks lend to one another, eased only fractionally — from 5.893 to 5.885. It is still almost a percentage point above base rate of 5 per cent, historically a huge margin.
Any hopes that it would instantly boost the mortgage market were dashed when Abbey raised many of its lending rates by up to 0.61 per cent and abandoned buy-to-let mortgages.
Mr King emphasised that the scheme would not be used to prop up a failing bank, nor to underpin the sliding housing market. He also said that it would not increase the Government’s net debt and should, therefore, not raise the cost of borrowing for the Government. He said that the worst that could happen was that the scheme “will be seen to have been unnecessary”.
The International Monetary Fund sounded a fresh warning, saying the strains in the financial system in Europe were sapping economic strength. The appreciation of the euro and rising inflation were adding to the Continent’s troubles and growth would slow sharply in 2008, it said.
The Bank of England yesterday postponed publication of its twice-yearly Financial Stability Review, a closely watched barometer of the solidity of the financial system, saying that it wanted to incorporate details of the liquidity scheme. Due out tomorrow, it will now be published on Wednesday week.
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Well the banks' and building sociteies have at last revealed how poorly they are run in the name of profit.
i seem to remember that when manufacturing firms collaped there was no aid or state assistance available in teh name of the market economy.
Clearly we are a one horse trader with nothing to offer the world other than a frail banking system which is ridden with greedd and imprudent practices.
Alan Digweed, Cheltenham,
maybe banks need to put interest rates *up* ..... so that they can *pay* higher interest rates to savers.
andy, preston ,
Senior managers at these banks should be sacked without receiving golden handshakes, cashing in share options etc. They are the ones who have made the poor lending desicions and as a result must fall on their swords.
Douglas W Tott, Bruichladdich, Scotland
Surely the B of E in providing £50bln made the offer contingent upon a reduction in lending rates??!! or did thet just rely on the integrity of the Blg Socs/ Banks to pass the reduction on....more fool them!
Ian Brown, Chipping Campden, Gloucs
That is a very good point ken in Stanford.
Are we going to be the new owners of the empty housing projects of Ohio?
How are we going to get any benefit from that?
As for UK properties attached to default mortagages, who will end up with the right to the house? Will it be us, or the banks?
Michael Murray, Bath,
Lloyds TSB sought 30bn in BoE loans/guarantees over 1-2 years to acquire Northern Rock. (Times Online Oct 17, 2007). Coming from one of our best managed corporations that made commercial sense and may well have obviated many of this year's UK banking woes (if the UK really is, as continuously reiterated by Brown/Darling, in a "better postion" to withstand the world credit crunch)
What I read today is simply perverse political posturing, verging on the iniquitous. No.11 is morally bankrupt.
Viktorovich, Moscow, RF
With the best will in the world, it is hard to understand why a Labour goverment is willing to support greedy, incompetent bankers and in turn deprive the poorest of their 10% tax relief.
Mr Brown needs to look to support the poorest in his country.
The poor are not just single parent families.
The majority are pensioners, who have worked hard to create the wealth that allows bankers to command such obscene salaries and bonuses.
jinette bond, morecambe, england
As an ex Bank manager I am appalled by the actions of senior management in all the banks. They have been naive, greedy and thoroughly incompetent. If I or my colleagues had acted similarly we would have been sacked not handed huge bonuses.
COLIN, Craigellachie, Banffs
The banks are short of money? Well I never...
Could it be something to do with them slashing savers interest rates, so savers have taken their money elsewhere?
Where would you expect to see the 4 banks mentioned? Consistently at the top of best savings rate tables or nearer the bottom? Is greed their problem? Low savings rates and high mortgage rates?
Fred Sly, Elgin, Scotland
Is it not the case that the majority of UK citizens are both taxpayers and, through funds if not directly, shareholders.
Jim, Kingston upon Thames, England
As a lay person I find this situation unbelievable. I can not believe this can happen virtually over night. My own feeling is that this problem has been developing and getting more out of control for a long time. I thought at the time, the rouge trader was good at covering things up but it appears he was just an amateur compared to these people.
Jim, Exeter, Devon
It is amazing to me how our financial intitutions, on whom we all rely, can be so wreckless and yet have the taxpayer and shareholders footing the bill, despite years of impressive bonus payouts for all.
I do not say that the traders and investment gurus are unworthy of their bonuses, it is a difficult job, I iust find it hard to swallow that a situation that has come about from pure unadulterated greed, has ended up with the banks themsleves going cap and hand to the BofE and their own shareholders.
Garry, Tadworth, Surrey
Talk about lunatics running the asylum. ThNorthern Rock model was flawed and the other banks just followed suit. The crisis is due to basic business incompetence. Sadly neither Brown, Darling, or King have been prepared to own up to their responsibility for this sad mess.
Bernard Waiman, London, UK
I wish the government and BofE would talk in terms of the "per family" cost of this bailout. Instead of just glibly stating 50 billion pounds, they should say £4,000 per family, or £6,000 per tax paying family. (not strictly sure of my figures but you get the idea?).
braychurchmouse, Maidenhead, UK
My friends, these losses are the result of sub-prime actual defaults or envisaged defaults. We haven't even started to see the same degee of defaults here inthe UK, which will surely come. While Darling is issuing bonds to the banks, it is the taxpayer who will pick up the bills for a generation to come. But, according to Darling and Brown, these circumstances were outside of their control - does anyone actually believe that?
bobby tran, enfield,
The Bank of England could have imposed penalties on the directorate of the banks by insisting that no personal bonuses be paid until the new scheme is closed. Why should Diamond and others receive millions in bonuses when they have not managed their businesses sensibly?
David, Poole,
No Mention of Lloyds TSB. Because they were prudent with their lending, maybe they have enough capitalisation. It seems to stand alone as a good old fashion banks with values such as "don't take on too much risk". I'd have thought that this was fairly obvious if you were running a bank!
John, Toddington, Uk
Footsie 100. Banks. 2007 pre-tax profits.
A&L 0.4bn
Barclays 7.1bn
HBOS 5.7bn
HSBC 12.2bn
Lloyds TSB 4.0bn
RBS 10.3bn
Std Chart 2.0bn
TOTAL 41.7 BILLION (inc. c. 10bn writedowns).
Darling/BoE "liquidity injection": 50 BILLION. Obviously.
Mike L, Chippenham, Wilts.
It seems to mr that the banks have been reckless if Mervyn King says thet the BOE has to protect the public from the banks.Lets hopr the High Court Judge rules in the publics favour on Thursday.The banks have been fleecing customers for decades.
stephen hulton, eure, france
Bailout? It depends on the terms of the debt for bonds swap. If there are debt losses, who eats them? A 'detail' not mentioned in the story.
ken, Stanford, california, USA