Tom Bawden in New York
We've made some changes
to The Sunday Times
The chief executive of Bear Stearns accused traders yesterday of bringing down his securities firm by spreading unfounded rumours designed to induce a panic that led to a run on the group.
Bear Stearns was forced to agree a fire sale to JPMorgan Chase for a fraction of its market value last month after rumours that the firm was on the brink of bankruptcy prompted customers and lenders to pull their money out of the group. “I would say it looked like more than just fear — it looked like people wanted to induce a panic,” Alan Schwartz, the Bear Stearns chief executive, told a congressional hearing in Washington yesterday. “The impetus [for the run] was a lack of confidence, not a lack of liquidity,” he said. “Facing the dire choice of bankruptcy or a forced sale under exigent circumstances, we salvaged what we could to avoid wiping out our shareholders, bondholders and 14,000 employees.”
Christopher Cox, the head of the US Securities and Exchange Commission, said that it was looking closely at whether market participants illegally colluded to short shares in Bear Stearns before its rescue. Bear Stearns, which traded as high as $171 a share last year before falling to about $60 a share at the start of last month, agreed to sell itself to JPMorgan for $2 a share as the banks struggled to put together a deal before Bear melted down altogether.
The deal has since been renegotiated to $10 a share, which equated to just over $1 billion but is still well short of recent trading value.
Mr Schwartz also criticised the Federal Reserve for not opening sooner to securities firms its “discount window” of cheap loans, which traditionally has been confined to commercial banks. He said that it was “highly, highly unlikely” that Bear would have had to be rescued if the window had been extended to securities firms just before, rather than just after, the group was sold to JPMorgan.
Even at such a low price, JPMorgan agreed to buy Bear Stearns only after the Fed said it would underwrite with taxpayers’ money any losses it might suffer on $30 billion of collateralised debt obligations, or pools of mortgage-backed bonds, that Bear owned.
Speaking at the same hearing, Ben Bernanke, the Chairman of the Fed, sought to justify the intervention by revealing that Bear Stearns was only one day from going bust when the central bank stepped in. He said: “It would have had to file for bankruptcy the next day unless alternative sources of funds became available.”
Wall Street pulled $10.4 billion (£5.2 billion) of cash and other highly liquid assets out of Bear Stearns in a single day last month, leaving it with only $2 billion and forcing the stricken firm to approach JPMorgan Chase in desperation, it emerged.
The Countdown:
Sept 20, 2007 Bear Stearns reports third-quarter profit down 61% to $171 million
Oct 22, 2007 Citic, the state-owned Chinese fund, takes 6% stake in the company
Nov 28, 2007 Bear announces it will cut 650 jobs, or 4% of its global workforce
Dec 20, 2007 Bear reports fourth-quarter loss of $854 million
Jan 9, 2008 Jimmy Cayne resigns as chief executive, stays as chairman. Alan Schwartz takes over
Mar 10, 2008 Bear says no truth in rumours of liquidity problems
Mar 14, 2008 Bear announces rescue by JPMorgan Chase and the Fed
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In the cutthroat, so-called "free market" capitalism that seems to be today's fashion in the U.S., Darwinian selection is to be expected. The jackals who stalk the lion don't have to play fair. Any weakness is exploited. It is commendable that the SEC is looking into a bear raid, so to speak, on the stock, but I doubt that anything will come of it. There have been bear raids before, on smaller but perhaps more noble victims, and the SEC has yawned at these. There are several villains in this piece, who have ravaged of thousands of small investors. One of them is a political party which, through its war cry of "small government" and consequent lack of highly necessary regulation, allows greedy financial companies to leverage themselves to the brink. Another is Bear Stearns itself, which failed its shareholders by putting the bonuses of its executives above the resilience of the company. And then there's the Fed, which generated the real estate bubble in the first place.
Leo Bourne, Charlottesville, VA
How can you bankrupt (or threaten to) a bank that has plenty of money? If you have the money people have given you then you won't go bust if they withdraw it. Smoke and mirrors here I think.
dominic, Teddington, Middlesex, uk
Just track the comments on CNBC prior to the Bear run on Bear. Rumors and negative scenarios all over the place.
I thought there was a law against spreading rumors on financial institutions? Guess I must be mistaken.
Further, who in their infinite wisdom removed the uptick rule
for shorting stocks that worked so well for decades. I think that is another investigation begging to be done...or is all this government do is investigate each other?
JoeZ, North Wales , Pa.
I bought a position in BSC when it dropped to 30.00 and was assured by the CEO that the company was fine.
My pension fund manager also held as the stock dropped from his initial buy in price of 80.00.
That was Friday and the "DEAL" was announced on Sunday to bail out the company (Shareholders) at 2.00.
Shareholders had no chance since the deal was made over the weekend!
When does this become stock manipulation by the CEO of Bear Sterns?
The government only bailed out HALF of the company and let the public half crumble!
The world market's faith has been hit hard by this situation.
Kim Greenwood, Fullerton, California
Absolutely Franc
Plus fine newspapers for propagating false rumours.
Langley, London,
Todd - uptick rule is gone
Ben, Washington, DC
Sounds a bit Like an old JP Morgan trick from the 1920's... Caused quite a panic, from what I read in the history books...
Richard, chicago,
Donald Trump sounded off on Bernanke as well as the President for this terrible financial flap. I'll tell you what, I don't often agree with "The Donald", but he has some very good points:
http://socoolaz.com/article.cfm?articleID=30207
Todd Grayheck, KC, MO
Franc, the uptick rule does still exist, it's just not enforced too heavily.
JR, St. Louis, MO
This is just nonsense - Bear Stearns are just trying to cover their backs. They had huge exposure and they knew it and everyone else did too. Their hedge funds were some of the first to tank after the credit crunch began back in August so it's a little rich for their chief executive to now try and insist that everything was just fine.
Bernanke himself has admitted that the rescue of Bear Stearns had to happen as it was a matter of hours until they went to the wall. Even if it were just rumours, there is no smoke without fire in any case.
MB, Edinburgh,
Mr. Schwartz fails to mention that Bear made a lot of money serving hedge funds. One fund who was a big customer was a known bear short according to a U.S. financial newspaper. It appears Bear may have been finished off by their own hedge fund customers. Live by sword, die by the hedge fund sword. It did not help that Schwartz boss, Mr. Cayne, was often paying golf or bridge as Bear was imploding.
The SEC needs to regulate or ban hedge funds. They are just like investment pools that engaged in manipulation and then were outlawed after the 1929 crash. Also bring back Glass-Steagall and the uptick rule on shorting before we have another 1929 Crash & Depression. Finally, the boards of these banks need to do their job.
Franc, West Palm Beach, USA/FL
In the UK we not only have to put up with similar behaviour we also have the incompetence of the Bank of England and FSA to add to the problems of the small investor e.g. Northern Rock. For those who think this incompetence and behaviour is just a problem for investors look at the mortgage market and in a few months time residential property prices and jobs.
David, London,
Bear Stearns like Citibank, UBS, Countrywide, and who know how many others have been badly managed by a bunch of greedy cowboys who walked a extremely wide thin line between greed and abuse of the traditional bankers prudence. It is difficult to understand how the shareholders are getting even one cent when they are worth nothing and I for one do not want to see the US taxpayer who is already bankrupt have to support these BIG TIME LOSERS. I think the swamis of finance have been lying. I wonder why they all waited until March and after they could all get their 2007 bonuses before spilling the beans. And NO the US Government should not be acting as the Bankers Banker anymore. Face it, we are going broke and need to write off our losses and get our house in order NOW, not Tomorrow.
Kevin, Anchorage, Alaska
The hedge funds have essentially taken over the trading system, using short positions, friendly journalists (who are beholden to the hedge funds to spread the false rumors from the many inside tips they've been given ) and massive inside trading. The system is rapidly losing the confidence of the average investor (aka as chumps to the insiders), such that the US markets are no longer a "level playing field" for a reasonably savvy investor. The hedge funds can short a good companies stock to oblivion, so that they can make their blood money. And no, this isn't sour grapes, these are the observations of a former insider, who is investing individually, and is up over 30% since Jan 1. I have been doing this long enough to know how to ride the shorts, and when to run counter to the shorts. The little guys no longer stand a chance by doing the old fashioned dollar cost averaging in good companies. Their are much fairer markets to invest in now than the US.
Kevin, Campton, NH
there is no smoke without fire. they screwed up big time and they didn't have time like other banks to cover up. they should stop blaming others and admit they made a mistake.
BG, Mountain View, CA
This coming from Bear Stearns, that whiter than white Wall Street bank. This is just sour grapes because they lost in the first round of a game everyone was playing. Had they been buying credit default swaps instead of selling them and now been sitting on massive profits do you think Schwartz would be complaining or would he be leafing through a yacht catalogue?
Edward, London,