David Smith, Economics Editor
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to The Sunday Times

BRITAIN’s banks believe they have secured a deal under which the Bank of England will provide the kind of support America’s Federal Reserve has given to its beleaguered financial institutions in recent months.
Though no precise commitments were given when senior bank executives met Mervyn King, the Bank’s governor, last week, it is understood that there was tacit agreement that the central bank would step in to provide bigger injections of liquidity into the markets when needed, and accept a wider range of collateral against such support.
The Bank also promised to try to limit any stigma attached to such assistance, though officials concede this will be difficult.
King fell short of meeting all the bank chiefs’ demands, including requests for an overhaul of the entire system under which emergency funding is provided. The Bank’s new money-market arrangements only came into effect last year. The new help will be given on an ad hoc basis.
The governor is also said to have made clear that while he had an obligation to protect the financial system, his remit did not stretch to propping up the banks’ profitability, a sign that not all the rancour that characterised the relationship between King and the banks last summer has disappeared.
One senior banker said: “The governor doesn’t realise that bank profitability and stability of the system go hand in hand. The banks’ reserves have been eroded. They will not be able to lend freely until their capital is built up again. If he cut rates at the front end of the curve, as the Fed has done, then banks would be able to very gradually restabilise over the next two to three years, which would give them much more confidence to continue lending.”
Bankers say, however, that there is a new determination on the part of both King and the banks to work together to get through the crisis following the scare generated by the slump in the share price of Halifax Bank of Scotland (HBOS) last week. The test will come with what happens to money-market interest rates in the coming days, with three-month Libor currently near 6%.
“Banks are not worried that other banks will go bust,” said one senior banker. “It’s just that they think they will need all their money for themselves, to meet customers’ demands. Why lend money when you think you will need it all yourself?”
Senior bankers have been openly critical of the Bank governor, though a truce has been agreed. They believe that while America’s banks have made all the mistakes, British banks are being penalised for the huge financial losses that have been racked up on Wall Street.
“It may have escaped King’s attention that the big retail banks made huge profits in the reporting season that has just ended, said one. “This should be a time when we are taking advantage of the opportunity, but the Bank of England does not seem to understand that. It is essential that we are given an equal footing to that enjoyed by American banks and by continental banks that have been supported by the European Central Bank.”
Bankers at Barclays, Royal Bank of Scotland and HSBC have also been impressed by the way that Hank Paulson, the US Treasury secretary, has been in contact to gauge their opinion and pledge that the Fed will do anything in its power to keep the financial system afloat.
Last week’s events and a relatively dovish set of minutes from the meeting of the Bank of England’s monetary policy committee (MPC) earlier this month have shortened the odds on a cut in interest rates next month, analysts say.
A survey by Ideaglobal.com, the financial research company, shows that analysts put a 40% probability on a reduction from 5.25% to 5% coming next month, though a May cut is marginally favoured.
The median expectation for the low point in America’s Fed Funds rate is 1.75%, from 2.25% now.
Despite a relatively upbeat picture from manufacturers, the CBI is expected to revise down its growth forecasts this week.
With both the International Monetary Fund and the Paris-based OECD saying the US economy is either in or close to recession, the next big policy focus for the credit crisis will come with the IMF’s spring meetings in Washington on April 12-13.
There, G7 finance ministers and central bankers, including chancellor Alistair Darling, King, Paulson and Fed chief Ben Bernanke, will discuss further action to limit the economic damage from the crisis.
The chancellor will be pushing efforts to step up cross-border surveillance. It has also emerged that central banks in America and Europe, including the Bank of England, are studying the possibility of bulk purchases of mortgage-backed securities. This would be a dramatic move to ease the credit crisis, but the talks are at a very preliminary stage.
Financial markets continue to be stunned by the number of big banks in America and Europe that are still owning up to problems, seven months after the crisis first started. Last week Credit Suisse, the Swiss banking giant, warned that it could suffer a first-quarter loss due to its exposure to America’s sub-prime crisis.
The bank also admitted some of its losses were caused by traders hiding figures to protect bonuses. The Financial Services Authority has now launched an investigation into the bank’s internal reporting controls.
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of course what is sauce for the goose is not sauce for the gander. Can you imagine the BOE jumping in to save what's left of industry. It also proves that market forces are great until they go wrong then tbusiness just wants the handouts.
bob holmes, axbridge , England
THE banks are in the lending business, If their business is causing them concern the sector should orchestrate their recover and remedial actions. This is not the role for the government or the tax payer. The governments role of governance is not being done effectively. How about a solution is where the percentage the banks keep in liquid reserves (M1 type) be raised to be in line to the needs of the crisis (say 15 percent of their assets) this would restrict the banks activities but would keep them solvent and ensure their lending is controlled accordingly.
Rick Patel, London, Endlang
I ranted about how printing money is not a good thing a few seconds ago after PS wrote:
"For once and for all:
The credit the Bank of England supplies to the merchant banks is not financed by taxpayers' money. It is in the power of the BoE to create money. If that sounds amazing, so is aspirin."
But in this case we are talking about underwriting bookmakers dockets. If a large bank can't make the repayments, the BoE will have to accept bad mortgages as payment. Then Mervyn King has to fly around Britain collecting mortgage arrears otherwise it /is/ just printed money until the BoE has reaped enough interest to cover it and the government upvalues the currency accordingly. That last step will never happen because ministers are economically-dumb but that's something for another rant.
In practice the treasury will devalue the pound and give the difference to the BoE to balance the books because top economists always think about how they look today, not how Britain looks next decade.
Tristan, Oxford,
PS...
We will ignore moral hazard. That in itself should be enough, but if you need more....
Oversight was limited because of lobbying groups of banks and now they don't believe in laissez faire..
does what you say change the fact that regulatory stupidity has left us so vulnerable that banks cannot lose, they get bailed.
The rules do not seem to impact shareholders. They just gain but give nothing back in good times.
And no cost to the tax payer? That depends on how it is done. True, an NT collapse meant using tax money, so not good...
BUT, cheap financing has an implied cost to the govt: if the BoE follows the Fed it is taking on riskier assets...
That changes its balance sheet structure and there is that cost. So there is a cost, perhaps less than NR...
BUT this issue of helping banks that are still profitable is sickening, particularly as the easy credit has been so bad for us...we are now so panicked because of lax lending, so lets encourage more.
Trevor, UK,
Tristan, Oxford, thank you for hitting the nail on the head.
The people need to understand what is going on here. The majority will suffer as the Bank goes to the aid of the greedy and the reckless.
A Harris, Kettering, UK
If no-one wants to buy these mortgage backed securities, why on earth should the BoE consider taking them as collateral? What is there worth - who is to decide? Please don't make this country bankrupt, in preference to the banks!
Nan, Reading, UK
Senior bankers are more interested in keeping their enormous incomes rolling than any stability in the system. As for big profits, they can happily take no account of the off-balance sheet stuff. Banks are semi-corrupt these days and do not serve the interests of society in general, only those of the bankers with their fingers deep in the pie. As for blaming America... that is beneath contempt.
David, Guildford,
PS wrote:
"For once and for all:
The credit the Bank of England supplies to the merchant banks is not financed by taxpayers' money. It is in the power of the BoE to create money. If that sounds amazing, so is aspirin."
True, it's not tax revenue, but if they printed some more money then the value of each pound we (the tax payers) have all saved would drop. But worse than that, whoever it is that gets the pounds first spends them at the old rate. The banks are near the start of the chain so they get our hard-earned wealth to say thanks for risking the British economy for us.
Unfortunately you armchair economists all think that money is the very definition of wealth and that printing money just makes new wealth that didn't exist before. It doesn't, it just takes wealth off of the prudent savers and gives it to the reckless gamblers.
Only work and invention make wealth -- everything else is either trade or theft. Devaluing a currency sure ain't trade.
Tristan, Oxford,
King is doing an excellent job at the bank of England under difficult world conditions no other person could be more capable in looking after the countries financies.
Brown & his government have brought on a lot of these financial problems since 1997 & they are coming home to roust now with hidden stealth taxes & rapid inflation just one item is the 100 percent increase in council tax in the last ten years plus many other hidden taxes. About time we had a change of government it can not be any worse than this lot.
John E Rodway, Thornton -Cleveleys, England
When the good times come back the banks should be made to pay for the taxpayer funded support via windfall taxes
Chris, Birmingham,
Yet again greed applies. All the banks want is a profit and the country and direct share holders should not be bailing out said people and the excessive high earners who then moan about non-dom tax. Does it ever stop. simply restrict lending multples to businesses and individuals to control the liquidity in he first place, banks brought it on themsleves.
ss, overseas,
Isn't it all slightly confusing - the banks made huge profits in the reporting season just ended but their reserves are being eroded?! If the banks are insufficiently capitalised to lend profitability shouldn't their shareholders be willing to subscribe for rights issues, so that those who expect to profit from the lending put up the capital to allow it to happen?
william, bath, somerset
King despite his complete incompetence, arrogance and lack of touch was reappointed because of the damage he could inflict on Labour if sacked - instead he is now able to very effectively further damage our economy and thereby ordinary people. King is the wrong name - emperor Nero would be more apt. Gordon Brown you would rise in the opinion polls if you sacked the idiot!
David, London,
Lets be clear what the central issue is here: mortgage-backed securities and over valued houses...no one wants to buy mortgage-backed securities as the UK property bubble is scheduled to follow the US down the pan.
Rather than let market forces do their thing the UK tax payer is about to underwrite the biggest bubble in history.
KJ, Newcastle, UK
It is a national scandal that the big banks that have pocketed billions for years are now getting bailed out by the taxpayer. We should all refuse to pay our taxes this year until this daylight robbery is halted.
Jonathan Bean, London, uk
The British ignorance of the banking system is amazing. I am told most have at least an 11-year school education. But of course, Britain works its teachers to death and they have no authority these days, so nothing gets learnt.
Even Mervyn King has huge gaps in his knowledge, witness his appalling handling of the Northern Rock crisis, and yet he was a Professor of Economics at the illustrious British London School of Economics. That is how bad things have got. Oh dear, the lectures the ECB and Fed and Britain's own bankers have been giving him recently! They have been teaching him the Economics he should have learnt in his first term at uni.
For once and for all:
The credit the Bank of England supplies to the merchant banks is not financed by taxpayers' money. It is in the power of the BoE to create money. If that sounds amazing, so is aspirin. Do yourselves a favour and study the real world instead of watching ignoramuses like Vincent Cable baa-ing like sheep about taxpayers' money
PS, London,
Isn't it all slightly confusing - the banks made huge profits in the reporting season just ended but their reserves are being eroded?! If the banks are insufficiently capitalised to lend profitability shouldn't their shareholders be willing to subscribe for rights issues, so that those who expect to profit from the lending put up the capital to allow it to happen?
william, bath, somerset
"Banks demand BoE cash"
Hello, Hello, who's cash is that then?
Is it the same source of cash that supported Northern Rock, I think we should be told............
Victor ., Cricklewood,
Surely, any help that is offered to prop up the banking system and thus keep the banks profitable, must come with the conditions that pay and bonuses to top executives at the banks is capped until such support ends, and that bonus pools, along with an agreed proportion of future profits are used to pay the taxpayer back for (involuntarily) assuming massive credit risk. The only people who should be allowed to prosper inordinately through any scheme, are taxpayers.
Mike Hughes, Loughborough,