Charles Bremner, of The Times, Paris
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Jérôme Kerviel, France's rogue trader, still believes that he could have made an astronomic profit from his €50 billion of illicit market bets if his bosses at the Société Générale bank had not sacked him, he has told police.
Mr Kerviel is also convinced that his superiors let him engage in his monumental gambling because he was successful at it for 18 months. A transcript of his interview with police was leaked to the media today.
"I remain persuaded that they knew about my positions," said Mr Kerviel, pointing out that his supervisors had ignored repeated warnings about him from market operators. "I was generating cash, so the signals were not very worrying for them. As long as we win and no-one sees and everything is taken care of, they say nothing."
The confession of the 31-year-old Breton appeared as the board of SocGen, France's second bank, rejected calls from President Sarkozy and the political world to dismiss Daniel Bouton, its executive Chairman. It created a committee to find out why its managers were unable to prevent history's biggest trading scandal.
In his two-day session with police, Mr Kerviel described his pleasure at hitting his first €500,000 jackpot in mid 2005 after he was promoted from the lowly back office to become a trader. With his provincial university degree and humble background, the hairdresser's son was bitter at being treated as inferior to the other "golden boys". He was determined to prove himself by "making money for the bank alone and in no way enriching myself personally."
He devised a system for covering his tracks when he took out big unauthorised positions on future stock market movements. He scored with a bet that shares in Allianz, the German insurance group, would fall. They did so, shortly after when terrorist bombs exploded in London in July 2005.
Mr Kerviel, who is free on bail and faces a possible maximum five-year sentence on forgery and other charges, gradually raised his stakes, faking e-mails and faxes to cover unhedged trades. By last December he was both thrilled and worried to find that he had made an off-the-books profit of €1.4 billion. He was only able to claim credit for €55 million and earn the bonus that he yearned for.
"At that stage, I was out of my depth and I did not know how to report to the bank undeclared cash worth €1.4 billion," he said. "No-one had ever reached that figure. ... I was happy, proud of myself.. so I decided not to tell the bank and hide the money with a fake operation in the other direction."
Everything went well until late last Friday when his €50 billion bet on rising markets turned sour. That night his bosses were alerted and by Monday he was sacked as the bank rushed to sell off his position, racking up €5billion of losses. “They should have waited,” said the broker. "I remain convinced that in the next three months the market will bounce back."
Mr Kerviel, who has become a folk hero for much of France, said that his secret trading left so many traces that his bank could not have been in the dark. "The simple fact that I did not take any holidays in 2007 should have alerted the management. That is one of the primary rules for the internal controls." The replacement of traders on holiday enables the bank to check on their positions.
Asked whether he did not fear being discovered and sacked, Mr Kerviel said: "I was in a spiral which completely masked that question. And then it was too late." He was not calm about risking billions, he admitted. "I am aware that I have taken a very big position but I am deeply convinced that my analysis is well-founded."
Prosecutors and SocGen, renamed "ShockGen" in the business, depict Mr Kerviel as "psychologically fragile". Mr Bouton and his staff say that the trader outfooled the world's most sophisticated control system. His lawyers say that he is the victim of character assassination and a "media lynching" by his embarrassed employers.
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The more I read of this "Affair", the more I am convinced that SocGen reminds me of nothingt less than that great iconic American Movie Lampoon of college life "Animal House" Oh, and if the higher ups didn't have an idea of what was going on, than the Pope is Protestant! Neil, right on!
jim johnson, framingham, USA
"...A transcript of his interview with police was leaked to the media today.".
Who leaks these transcripts? Is the police aware of these leaks? Or even behind these leaks? And, should we not be concerned that statements made to the police can be leaked?
Samuel Young, Paris, France
Its a matter of which big financial institution he will be working for after he is cleared off the charges.
Kiarie, Helsinki, Finland
SocGen management look like complete idiots and liars, how
do immoral and incompetent people like these even get these jobs?
If in fact what SocGen says is true, which I doubt, and that
Jérôme Kerviel "...out-fooled the world's most sophisticated control system", why fire this wizard?
Instead, just think how useful he could have been to them in designing a vastly more "sophisticated control system", one that they could have then marketed throughout the World.
Peter, Vancouver,
As with all investment 'bankers', the greater the potential reward, the larger the risks they will take. After all, it's not their money and if their bets go right they pick up massive bonuses. If they go wrong they earn a lot of notoriety and, as mentioned above, admiration as a folk hero in France. Paying gigantic bonuses creates huge egos, enormous greed and a completely cavalier attitude.
How many more 'gunslinger' Kerviels are out there in the investment banking world ?
Richard , London, England
Smells like some of the executives may have broken trade laws, they may have known the illicit trading was going on, some may even have profited by it. This is an interesting story.
Jeff Dunham, Worry, USA
My view is that if he did make the money back and the bank only found out when they reaped the profits then they would have covered the whole thing up.now that the trade made losses, socgen pulled out as they clearly panicked.Good traders such as myself go on one rule and one rule only - beleive in yourself!
jay, london, london
To make money, you have to be willing to risk and this kid understood the idea. I have no doubt he would have recovered the money. SocGen should have promoted him and tried to support his efforts. They panicked and sustained losses are the product ... anybody have this kid's contact info? I'm hiring
Donald, New York, NY
If I bought the majority of the worlds corn suppliers and left the corn in warehouses to go mouldy, then share prices would go through the roof for corn, because there would be a lot less corn, hence more demand.
Therefore I could make lots of money from NOT trading.
Share trading is in itself immoral, people can use it to take advantage of everyone else's lives. Just look at his first big win, he profited from peoples deaths in a terrorist attack. Share trading is usury, usurers are responsible for 99% of the worlds problems from wars to drug dealing, it should be outlawed full stop.
Peter Johnson, Northwich, Cheshire
'the trader outfooled the world's most sophisticated control system' Would this be the same system that automates his line magaer asking him what he is doing and how is he doing it? Of course his bosses knew he was up to something they just turned a blind eye as they all do when its going their way.
imon, Soton,
This kind of huge long positions could not be cashed out without loosing its value.
So Mr.Bouton was completely right to unwind the position as quick as possible but I would recommand that the senior management of Societe Generale put in place an new training program for their dealers and ask them to count ⬠1 billion in cash.
cevat, Istanbul,
certainly seems like the bank lost it's nerve. They would have been better off not discovering the trades. Kerviel could have made some more money for them. These institutions shouldn't any unauthorised employee engage in derivatives trading if they are so worried; not just take the money from unauthorised trades with senior executives taking the credit for 'devising' such products
Kaushik, Budapest, Hungary
The whole question of trust is taking a terrible hammering. The only winners are those who"invest" (aka gamble) with our (little peoples') money.
And they walk off with their bonuses afterwards, and often into another overpaid job.
As for French banks, they need another 1789. Soon.
A J Scott, Draguignan, France
I too read the leaked report of the interrogation in le Monde yesterday. Does anyone know how it was leaked? I also liked the bit about the 1.4 billion profit at the end of last year, which he felt unable to reveal, and he subsequently deliberately lost. Of course it is his version, and we don't necessarily have to believe it all. The impression it leaves with me is: 1) He had been able to circumvent completely the SocGen controls, and he was entirely free to do what he wanted. 2) that others were doing similar things, as the traders were quite used to swapping desks and codes. and 3) He had lost any sense of reality, perhaps not surprising for a quiet guy who kept to himself. If he had had any sense, he would have kept the sums lower.
If I had been him, I would have cashed in the 1.4 billion, revealed it, and then left - or taken the sack, if that was the consequence. He would have got another job easily. But hindsight is wonderful, isn't it?
Alex, Paris, France
I am with the lawyers on this one, good luck to you Jerome.
Neil, Toronto, Ont