Tom Bawden in New York
Win luxury hampers plus Waitrose vouchers & guidebooks
America’s mortgage crisis is likely to get considerably worse because the level of fraudulent lending to unsuitable borrowers was much higher than previously estimated, Standard & Poor’s said yesterday.
David Wyss, the ratings agency’s chief economist, said that defaults on high-risk “sub-prime” mortgages would continue to soar as unqualified mortgage-holders struggled to meet their repayments, tightening the credit markets and dragging down the American economy.
The US economy, which grew at 2.9 per cent in 2006, consequently would grow at just 2 per cent this year and next, Mr Wyss said. This compared with estimated growth of 3.6 per cent this year and 3.5 per cent in 2008 in the global economy.
Mr Wyss told a conference in Bombay: “The panic has subsided, but the housing market has not hit bottom yet. Housing prices won’t hit bottom until next summer and the losses won’t peak for another two years, until 2009. We are not halfway through this crisis yet.
“We underestimated the extent to which fraud was occurring in the industry. It looks [as if], based on some surveys that had been done, the extent of frauds increased sharply in 2006.”
The level of fraud increased as lenders sought new customers through increasingly dubious means after a surge in sub-prime home loans in recent years that had left most eligible borrowers with mortgages.
Many brokers and mortgage lenders did not require proof of income and others helped borrowers to forge documents that inflated their salaries, enabling them to take out bigger loans than they could repay.
They largely got away with these practices while house prices were rising, since borrowers could remortgage their properties and pay off the loans with the proceeds. As house prices began to stagnate, and in many areas to fall, this option has been largely closed and the number of defaults has surged.
The number of foreclosures in the United States jumped by 115 per cent to 243,947 in August, from the year before – or one in 510 households, according to RealtyTrac, the housing monitor. A foreclosure is a legal process typically set in motion when a borrower falls 90 days behind on mortgage repayments. About 40 per cent end in a forced sale or repossession of the house, while the bank and borrower reach an alternative repayment schedule in the remaining cases.
As foreclosures rise, house prices inevitably fall further and increase many investors’ losses on mortage-related securities, such as sub-prime-backed bonds. More importantly, consumers account for about two thirds of the economy and declining house prices dent their confidence, making them less likely to borrow and spend.
The effect of the housing slump on consumer confidence was underlined yesterday by new data that showed US retail sales in September rose at the slowest pace in five months.
Sales at stores open for at least a year rose by 2 per cent, from the year before, according to new research by the International Council of Shopping Centers and UBS.
Meanwhile, in a further sign that the fallout from the sub-prime mortgage crisis is set to continue for some time, Thornburg Mortgage yesterday increased the estimate on the loss that it will face on the sale of $22 billion (£10.8 billion) of “high-quality”, adjust-able-rate home loans, from $863 million to $1.1 billion.
Read the training tips and advice that helped our London Triathletes
Times Online's new TV show helps you make the right decisions for your pet
Read our exclusive 100 Years of Fleming and Bond interactive timeline, packed with original Times articles and reviews
The latest travel news plus the best hotels and gadgets for business travellers
Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles

Overseas contacts and local business information

Find a course, arrange a game and save money
2007
£47,995
2008
£42,945
06/2006
£40,850
Great car insurance deals online
£33,000
Macmillan Cancer Support
Central/South West
£50k
NHS
Nationwide
£
£30k OTE
Meltwater News
Nationwide
circa £70k
Central Office of Information
London
5% below developer pre-launch price!
Luxury Appts, beautiful gardens w/ Thames views
Great Homes Available on a shared Ownership Basis
Great Investment, River Views
Visit the ‘entertainment capital of the world’
at great sale prices!
Christmas Cruises
From only £995pp
APTs East Coast now from only
£2425pp.
Great travel insurance deals online
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times. Globrix Property Search - find property for sale and rent in the UK. Visit our classified services and find jobs, used cars, property or holidays. Use our dating service, read our births, marriages and deaths announcements, or place your advertisement.
Copyright 2008 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
I may be a simple east end cockney boy but I appreciate that global economics is linked. If the availability of credit is reduced in America, the UK will suffer the same.
Phil Bamgboye, Watford,
Im from Vancouver BC Canada and we havent had any drop in prices as of yet our prices have supassed california and are yes unafordable for most yet homes are still selling why I dont know???400,000 gets you a shack out of the city and stuck in traffic.Does anyone think we are in for the same as the us who knows.Personally im waiting for the prices in Cal and Arizona to drop even more so I can get my piece of the sunbelt.
Jim, Van, B.C.Canada
I've been on patrick.net, and every day I read the articles. There is a huge need to "blame" someone, whether that be the appraisers who gave faulty appraisals, the mortgage lenders for making these jumbo loans, liar loans, fraudulent loans; the Fed for lowering the rates and then raising them (is this really a surprise?) and then the buyers who went out and bought the american dream, even though it was probably a 1/2 million more than they would ever be able to afford? Or the realtors that were more concerned with their commission than the aftermath? What about the "flippers" who turned this market into a feast for investment rather than for families looking for a place to dwell? We could even blame the government for allowing all of this to happen so that property taxes could support the pork.
I am opposed to the bailout 100%. I am opposed to our government trying to tinker with what needs to level itself out. Let ALL of the idiots who played in this game fall.
Happy Renter, Los Angeles, CA
The main stream media is way behind on this. When mortgage fraud is advertised on Craigslist we have a problem. When someone making $40K a year buys a $500K home we have a problem. It goes on an on.
The housing bust is rolling down hill and gaining momentum. I think it is much worse than we think. I believe Dr. Shiller is correct. A drop of >25% is probable. But this is necessary.
Joseph Dobbs, Charlotte, NC
Cheap credit and undisciplined lending practices is not the fault of the consumer rather it is the fault of the central bank, Federal Reserve. This housing crisis is done on purpose to benefit the few wealthy preying on consumers who were naturally reacting to the market. The reason foreclosures will rise is because real income is not growing at the rate of inflation. Costs of home mainly skyrocketed due to the weakness of the dollar. The real danger is loss of productivity/manufacturing and the value of the dollar crashing which is happening now. When the dollar falls, people lose their homes, banks come in buy real assets, ie real estate for pennies on the dollar essentially destroying the middle class. Never be naive to think that homeowners are going to get bailed out rather, the wealthiest investors. And you can all thank the unconstitutional federal reserve bank.
John, Arcadia,
I am in California and there is still a lot of mortgage fraud happening from what I see as an escrow officer.. Unfortunately, no one wants to go after the illegal activity. Throw some people in jail and watch the fraud slow down.
Also, I believe that a good many of the foreclosures could be stopped if lenders would renegociate their loans to the people in financial trouble. They can add the funds that are in the rears to the end of the loan, give them the fixed rate that they should have received, and extend the loan another 10 years, so that a 30 year becomes a 40 year. I believe many would be able to survive in their homes if that was done.
Diane, Bakersfield, USA/CA
I sent this last night, but it may have been lost in Cyberspace:
As pessimistic as this article seems, the views expressed may be deemed conservative in the months and years to come, with the benefit of hindsight. The Housing Bubble has only begun to burst in both the United States and Britain. Sir John Templeton warned more than two years ago of the coming housing crash, in which housing prices might sink as much as 50 percent. Indeed, as foreclosures increase and housing sales plummet, many Americans are watching their life savings and significant portions of their wealth evaporate.
Mr. Bawden is correct when he says that consumer spending accounts for approximately two-thirds of the American economy; and that as the housing meltdown impacts consumersâ confidence, they will be less likely to borrow and spend. And the ripple effects in the United States and worldwide are likely to be dramatic. We have already seen that when America sneezes, European investors catch colds in this ever-expanding global marketplace.
As consumer spending declines, sales by American automakers are apt to be hit harder than they have been. Ford has been forced to sell Aston Martin to raise much-needed cash, and it may have to unload Volvo, Jaguar and Land Rover to stem the tide. Even that may not be enough to forestall bankruptcy. Close on Fordâs heels are GM and Chrysler, which Daimler wisely jettisoned recently. If American housing and auto sales plummet, the impact on other sectors of the U.S. and global economies is apt to be dramatic too.
Years from now, it may be written that the American housing collapse morphed into a global crash; and that the central banks, including Americaâs Federal Reserve Board, were shown to be paper tigers that had far less control and influence over economic events worldwide than was ever assumed. If this happens, it may be unlike anything that has occurred since the Great Depression; and the perfect storm will have overwhelmed the central banks as well. Chilling thoughts to be sure, but by no means farfetched. What are missing from this scenario are other terrorist attacks, perhaps worse than 9/11, which might throw all economic forecasts to the wind.
But thatâs just my opinion, and I might be wrong.
Timothy D. Naegele
Attorney at Law
www.naegele.com
Timothy D. Naegele, Malibu, California/USA
The people who line up for adjustable rate mortgages and then use their house like a never-ending cash machine don't know what the word "liquidity" means. They might say, if pressed, that it has something to do with beer.
This entire scenario has two major causes:
1. Fiduciary malfeasance on the part of some mortgage lenders
2. Greed and a tragic ignorance on the part of unqualified mortgage borrowers
3. TV commercials pushing schemes to get rich quick by "flipping" houses-- that is, buying them with low-interest adjustable rate mortgages, making some cosmetic changes in the houses, and then reselling them at grossly inflated prices within a matter of weeks.
Martha , Miami, Florida, USA
We are told that the UK is unlikely to experience a significant reduction in property prices. We told that employment is high and that supply is limited. What about Self Certification mortgages made against over inflated incomes. We are not told that 8% of the UK mortgage market is considered to be subprime.
We have been told that growth will slow next year. What happens if growth slows more than expected.
The UK economy is on a knife edge but property prices inflation is still very high.
Let us hope for the best and plan for a BUST!!!
JL, bristol,
I think it is an extraordinary naive industry to make loans to people based on "stated" income and not expect some level of fraud. This is a classic example of increased risk taking to generate revenues. Unfortunately, we all have to endure the morning after hangover. American real estate valuations have risen significantly in a short period of time and exceeded reasonable levels due to overly liberal underwriting standards and too much liquidity. Common sense dictates that tighter standards and less liquidity will result in lower prices. I would expect homeowners in the UK to understand this as much as their American counterparts.
Michael Brown, Little Rock, Arkansas
I'm now 40 and have seen this cycle twice in my lifetime.
I expect to see it twice more. When I hear confident sales patter then I also hear warning bells. When I see adverts (in the US last year) showing how 15 year olds were playing the property market and making a fortune - "so you can too" then I know that a market is heading for a crash.
Market experts are also blined by their own greed, denial or sheer heard mentality. To not do, on any given day, that which makes money is seen as foolish, until the market suddenly unwindes.
Steve, zürich, Switzerland
Bernard,
How would you assess the 'economic value' of a single family residence?
Do we look to the comparable rentals in a given area to determine a lowest possible value for a purchased home based on the cost of a mortgage being similar to the rental outlay and taking in to account the tax benefits to owning a home in the U.S.?
Jeff, Sarasota, FL
Bernard, Huntington, NY.
I agree with the basis of your statement although your timelines appear to be a little skewed. There has already been a retraction in the housing industry. American homebuilders are on their knees trying to offload over-valued inventory. The consumer is a little behind the curve but consumer spending is going to slow over the next year as credit becomes harder to get and Joe Public wake up to the fact that home equity wealth is a subjective number and doesn't put food on the table. The trouble with the "miracle economy" is that debt has spiraled and people have stopped saving. Horror stories of bright sparks paying their mortgages on credit cards is an indicator of the serious situation over stretched western economies find themselves in.This should put an end to the idea that house prices only ever go up and it's different this time.
Ed, London,
Pity that S & P did,nt wake up to what was happening about 18 months ago! If I remember rightly they and Moody,s were gaily dishing out triple A ratings to the Wall street slicers and dicers without any qualms whatsoever. I wonder if this is an attempt to minimise the effects of the forthcoming class actions which will shortly be raining down upon them all?
gordon, auckland, nz
how do you break the spiralling down? If a house's value is based on a comparative sale in a local area it seems obvious that this is a market value and not necessarily an economic value. when the market value and the economic value are aprroximately the same would seem to be the answer. wouldn't this put all mortgage loans at or below the asset value. who can repay/sell at a loss -- i would presume very few homeowners. if we have a long way to go in the course of this crisis we must prepare for a truth that the housing industry and its related industries must be heading for a severe retraction along with a consumer meltdown no matter what interest rate adjustment we receive from the federal bank. i am waiting to hear of a 401/ira decay in balances or savings rate that would presage the needed withdrawals to cover the present loss of wealth/spending power.
bernard, huntington, ny
"...We are not halfway through this crisis yet...."
Mmmm, it hasn't even warmed up yet.
Pete Balchin, Solicitor , Bristol, UK