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Shares in Northern Rock rebounded today after the Government guaranteed £28 billion of deposits at the crisis-hit mortgage lender.
The Bank of England also pumped an extra £4.4 billion into the markets to help to restore general confidence drained by the Northern Rock furore.
Northern Rock's share price initially rose 11 per cent before falling back to an 8.4 per cent increase to 306½p, putting the brakes on a 58 per cent fall since last Thursday, when it was forced to go the Bank of England for emergency funding.
The mortgage lender announced today that customers were queuing outside just four of its 76 branches, in stark contrast to the past few days when many sites were inundated by panicked savers.
The bank also said that customers who were charged for withdrawing cash will be reimbursed if they put the money back into the same type of account at Northern Rock by October 5.
The Bank of England said today that the extra funds it had made available to the banking sector were to "offset the disturbance to conditions in the short-term money markets" caused by providing the lifeline to Northern Rock.
Mervyn King, Governor of the Bank of England, who today met Alistair Darling, the Chancellor, and the Financial Services Authority (FSA), has been criticised over the lack of extra liquidity provided to Britain's banking sector.
But today, Mr King received backing from Gordon Brown and put an extra £4.4 billion into the British banking system, ahead of the same sum being made available on Thursday.
Last night’s intervention by the Government to stem the tide of customer withdrawals from Northern Rock – thought to be upwards of £2 billion – lifted other banks, which have seen their share prices suffer on the back of the troubled lender's woes.
Alliance & Leicester's shares rose by 24.25 per cent to 745½p, making up for a 21 per cent fall in its stock price yesterday, which wiped £1.2 billion off its market value.
Bradford & Bingley also recovered, up 6.27 per cent to 296½p, while mortgage lender Paragon's shares rose 5.3 per cent to 301p.
Hector Sants, chief executive of the FSA, repeatedly told the BBC's Today programme that Northern Rock was "solvent" and denied that there had been a run on the bank since it was "still open for business".
Mr Sants also said: "Customer confidence has clearly been eroded but we need to consider how that has come about."
Mr Sants refused to answer repeated questions about precisely when the FSA, which is working in conjunction with the Bank of England and the Treasury, began discussions with Northern Rock about the state of its business.
Northern Rock said in a statement: "The Chancellor's statement makes it clear beyond any doubt that all savings in Northern Rock are safe and secure. Consequently, anybody who is in a queue outside a branch, or who is trying to access an online account can be fully reassured that there is no cause for concern whatsoever."
It emerged last night that Lloyds TSB had been in talks with Northern Rock about a takeover as recently as last week, but was stopped from proceeding with the deal. Northern Rock was then forced to go to the Bank of England for funding. So far no other institution has come forward with a takeover bid.
Northern Rock said: “Northern Rock is not in discussion with any other party at the present time. However, the board is aware of its fiduciary duty and is actively considering all strategic options in the interests of shareholders, customers and other stakeholders."
Commenting on the effect of the current turmoil on the housing market, Simon Rubinsohn, chief economist at the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, said there was a 90 per cent chance Britain would not find itself in a similar crisis as the early 1990s, when inflation had peaked and interest rates stayed at 15 per cent for 12 months.
Mr Rubinsohn said house prices were most likely to remain flat over the next years, though there could be spurts of growth as well as falls. "It is incredibly difficult to read," he said. "But the key thing is that the economy is in good shape."
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Now the BOE has become the 'sub-prime mortgage lender of last resort', can they ever raise rates again?
Pete Balchin, Solicitor , Bristol, UK
If I owned a mutual fund and found they had bought some of these shares I would cash in my fund immediately.
It will be interesting tomorrow at 11pm when they announce new stock holders, just who has been foolish enough to have bought this stock..
Somehow I think it is just market makers balancing there books.
Nicholas Iles, Oswestry, Shropshire
Northern Rock! - rightly or wrongly people are anxious and are not listening to the Bank of England, the FSA or the Chancellor. It is hard to blame the people. The collective memory of the populus is one of being betrayed time and time again - the pension crisis, the failed endowment policies, the 'black wednessday' run on pound and the resulting crash of property prices and the economy.... the list goes on. It is hard to believe people in authority when promises are reneged /renegotiated on the basis of the hidden 'small print' . Consequently, trust is LOST and I do not see it being restored unless fundamental changes take place in perceived intergrity of those who seek our hard earned monies.
Hera, london, UK
Good on the PM for having the political courage to put the brakes on this debacle.
Confidence will be more effectively restored by a very public display of the sacking of all the incompetents who allowed this debacle. The Bank of England and the FSA must be the laughing stock of the world's financial community.
I trust Mr Brown will put the 'Great' back into Great Britain by insisting on full accountability - and no knighthoods or other trappings for those found so badly wanting
Stuart, Taunton,
The governent and BOE sat back too long and let panic set in instead of going in quickly early last week when it was clear there was a problem, which would have stopped this panic.
But having sat back when Equitable had it's problems (after MP's had first protected their own interests) and let the market resolve the Barings Bank problem they hoped the same could happen again - it did not and shows the lack of commercial awareness in Labour, which under Gordon Brown's stewardish did well despite his stupidity in sell the Gold reserve cheaply and back door taxation, to support government borrowing!!
The City financial institutions also has a lot to blame for this, as they try to profit from the plight of others, which causes turmoil in the market, but keeps their injustified bonus' up - basically avarice of the managers of fiscal institutions, has added to this problem, together with house prices being pushed up way above the average earners prudent borrowing level.
doug smith, sidmouth, devon
Guess how much money I've just made :)
Farrukh, Woking, UK
Up only 11% - hardy what you call a 'rallying' or 'rebound'
Alex, London, London,
It's just like the petrol crisis of 2000. People blindly panicking and bringing the whole country down with them. Idiots. I wonder how many pensioners will be mugged this week while carrying their entire life savings with them? The comment from Pete Balchin here is typical. No facts, no analysis, just the smug kneejerk cynicism of the pub bore.
tom may, bristol, uk
Doesn't the banking industry have any form of insurance to safeguard the money lent to it by its investors and ensure maintenance of public confidence? I presume not given the need for government intervention and, in which case, then would it not be prudent to give some consideration to the development of a suitable enabling mechanism?
I would have thought that the need for adequate insurance is especially relevant at a time when the practices and instruments involved in money management are apparently becoming increasingly complex and risky. One might envisage a possible insurance scheme where the premium paid by a banking institution might reflect in some way its capacity, conduct and level of exposure?
Gerry Healy, Staines, UK
And their statutory objective is to prevent this kind of thing from happening, great job to all at the FSA. What are you going to do for your next trick ?
O, LONDON,
It is quite wrong that taxpayer's money is being used to underwrite the failure at Northern Rock - a private company. Above all, it creates a precedent for other very large private financial institutions. It seems that whatever happens, as long as the 'cock-up' is on a grand scale, the banks will always be bailed-out. How many other private companies enjoy the same security and protection? None. It's almost a reward for failure and a green light for reckless risk-taking and complacency. It should be understood by everyone that there are no totally risk-free investments.
Robert Nield, Hartford, Cheshire
Does the Chancellors statement with regards Northern Rock savings have the same weight as previous statements from the Government regarding Company pension schemes. It is hardly surprising that people are continuing to withdraw from Northern Rock. Hiding it under the matress is probably safer than anything backed by a Government 'guarantee'.
Ian, Ipswich,
According to Bloomberg:
"...Regulatory officials insisted today that the Newcastle, England-based bank is "solvent," after Chancellor of the Exchequer Alistair Darling yesterday pledged to reassure savers that it will guarantee all deposits held there..."
This gives me great confidence....
Pete Balchin, Solicitor , Bristol, UK