Gary Duncan, Economics Editor
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The Bank of England’s Governor yesterday set his face firmly against taking action to bail out banks struggling with mounting strains on lending conditions triggered by the worldwide credit crunch.
In a staunch defence of the Bank’s handling of the credit squeeze, Mervyn King insisted that the crisis was rooted in a careless mispricing of risks by institutions.
To ride to banks’ rescue now would encourage them to repeat this behaviour in the belief that it was cost-free, the Bank argued. It would also prolong markets’ reassessments of risks and add to the danger of even bigger crises in future.
“If risk continues to be underpriced, the next period of turmoil will be on an even bigger scale,” Mr King told MPs in a submission to the Commons Treasury Committee.
The Governor did make clear that the Bank was ready to take far stronger, emergency action, both to cut interest rates and to flood financial markets with capital, if this proved necessary to avoid grave economic damage.
Mr King emphasised, however, that the Bank would set a high hurdle for such measures. He repeatedly put the onus on the banks themselves to cope with the credit crunch, arguing that they were more than strong enough.
“The current turmoil . . . has disturbed the usual serenity of recent years, but, managed properly, it should not threaten our long-run economic stability,” he said.
Holding out the prospect of rate cuts if the crisis escalates, Mr King conceded that the higher market interest rates caused by banks hoarding cash meant that “effective borrowing rates faced by households and companies will rise . . .” But in a signal that the Bank will be wary of rushing into any moves, he added: “It is too soon to tell how persistent and how large any change in credit conditions will prove to be.”
Mr King reinforced his hardline stance in the face of City demands for the Bank to pump extra billions into money markets, both by accepting more risky securities than usual as collateral for its loans, and by lending over longer than usual periods – actions taken by the US Federal Reserve and European Central Bank (ECB).
“The provision of such liquidity support undermines the efficient pricing of risk by providing ex-post insurance for risky behaviour,” he insisted. He emphasised the danger of so-called “moral hazard”, where institutions act irresponsibly because they believe they will be bailed out. “That encourages excessive risk-taking and sows the seeds of a future financial crisis,” he said. Central banks “could not sensibly entertain” such actions, which would also be unfair on institutions that had acted responsibly.
Mr King urged that the credit squeeze be kept in perspective and banks’ ability to cope be recognised. He noted that, unlike more risky assets, interest rates on high-grade corporate bonds were unchanged, while companies could issue long-term debt.
While banks were being forced to inject funds into some investment vehicles, “as a whole [they] are well capitalised and should be able to do this . . .”
While a process of adjustment for institutions “may not be smooth”, Mr King said that it was “likely to be temporary”. His cool assessment was backed by Simon Johnson, chief economist of the International Monetary Fund, “We don’t see any reason to think that this is any more than a mild slowdown in the US,” Mr Johnson said.
As the ECB injected another €75 billion (£51.3 billion) of funds into euro-zone markets, Mario Draghi, Italy’s central bank governor, also played down the situation. “You cannot call it a crisis, but turbulence,” he said.
Despite Mr King’s tough stance, Angela Knight, chief executive of the British Bankers’ Association, told The Times that at talks with Bank of England officials today she would be calling for it to take a more active “enabling role”. She pointed to the way that the New York Federal Reserve orchestrated a private sector rescue of Long Term Capital Management in 1998 as an example of the sort of guiding hand that could help. “This is quite a serious issue,” she said. “Is there a way the system can be unblocked? I’m going to convey to the Bank some of the views expressed by our members.”
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With the wonders of the internet it is now very easy to to see that on the 19th of September a pathetic U turn was made with regard to a firm resolution on the 13th of September. No longer can politicians and other public figures rely on the public having a short memory and one day's newspaper becoming the following day's 'fish and chip wrapping'!
Graham, Oxford, UK
As a former banking consultant sitting on a BoE committee for Future & Options trading I fully support Mervyn King's stance.
Intervention is not a solution to the Norther Rock situation - nor for any other bank in similar situation.
Richard Prior, Bucharest, Romania
Please can someone explain in simple terms who pays for these bailouts when billions are injected into the markets or to save a company like Northern Rock. Is this a loan which is repaid or is this actually a cost out of the pockets of tax payers?
A great outcome for the majority of the UK (who are not sitting in big houses or with multiple houses) is that house prices fall back in line with historic long term increases of a 3-4% annually - which would require a fall of around 50% to deflate the current bubble. Then we would be less dependant on taking big loans to buy our homes (whether we are a first time buyer or a family needing a bigger home). Allowing rates to rise gently to around 10% should allow a gentle deflation of prices and bring sanity back to the markets.
jonathan, london and new york,
The orchestrator of this mess has now 'gone upstairs', as you do when you are failure in government. He has left the poisoned chalice in the hands of someone who was doin. railways last month or something (who cares) The so called 'independent' BOE (MPC) have failed the country badly (NB: Darling's slip of the tongue yesterday when he said he allowed the BOE loan) they should have switched the emphasis from borrowers to savers long long ago when they had a chance, now the chickens are roosting and they are surprised that the 'boom' they encouraged wants to be bailed out -no way, stew in your own juice. You have created the perfect recipe for recession - enjoy. Incidentally, who is Prudence?
Victor Cowen, Malaga, Spain
Mervyn King spoke excellently as usual and then a few hours later he was told by the Treasury to do the complete opposite. Banks you should continue to lend lend lend, as the British tax payer is more than happy to underwrite for you.
Caroline, London,
It's ironic to have the Chancellor berating banks for imprudent lending, given his predecessor's continuing to vaunt his "masterstroke" of granting "independence" to the Bank of England. Mr Brown's concommitant stripping the Bank of it's regulatory authority /responsibility to ensure the soundness of financial institutions, but leaving intact the Bank's role of lender of last resort to those same institutions, is a fatal flaw in the UK's Brownian financial system.
Michael, Chigwell,
Such a difference one day makes. Should this article be retracted now that the Bank of England has bailed out Northern Rock?
Rich, London,
Helping the stricken banks who got into this mess, knowing very well the risks, will be a moral hazard. this will only further embolden them to take more risks in future with others' money, knowing that some one else will help them again out of their self created mess. BoE is to be complimented on its tough stand.
G.Sreedhar, Bangalore, India
Mervyn King has called the situation correctly. After all, when banks take enormous risks, on and off balance sheet, and make large profits the investment bankers, management and shareholders take all the profits home.
When they lose their 'bets', why should the taxpayers, via the Bank of England, ride to their rescue ?
Rick, London, England
Hear hear to Mr King (and his fans). What a relief to see a major central banker turning his back so firmly against the irresponsible antics which characterised Alan Greenspan's reign. We can only hope that Ben Bernanke takes heed.
SM, Christchurch, New Zealand
Perhaps some of the bank workers would like to re-pay their bonuses now? Why are we paying for their mistakes (again) whilst they rack up huge profits? Sick world.
Martyn, Brighton, UK
I wish everyone in America would read this to get some idea of how a central bank should be run. It's time for the speculators to pay the piper for their risky bets. We, the prudent minority, need to stand up and scream as loud as the Wall Street crybabies who are trying every trick in the book to force a bailout. NO! We say NO BAILOUTS FOR YOU!
Kurt, St Paul, USA / MN
No Mr King it is not the time to cut interest rates.
Inflation is going to increase.Oil price is now over $80 and food is rocketing in price. Ask any housewife.
Also face the fact that true inflation is a lot higher than official numbers,-just take your shopping bag around the shops! Past interest rates have been based on false numbers. Terribly dangerous.
Low interest rates have largely contributed to the disgraceful lending levels of the UK.bTo cut would be irresponsable in the extreme,and build up greater problems in the future.
Nic, Royan, France
No-one seemed to mind when all this cheap bank lending was propping up the UK economy for the last 10 years. Perhaps the likes of King and Darling should have been a little more vocal when there was something the banks could have done about it.
Rod Munch, Northampton, UK
Americans and Europeans make strange bedfellows indeed! Their actions are similar at the extremes. Europe cannot resist its interventionist and 'dirigiste' default mode. In the US, the extreme capitalism has politicians and the so-called independent central bank defending and riding to the rescue of reckless private investors with the dubious excuse of preventing a recession, showing how they are all incestuously linked. Once again, hats off to the Bank of England for its mmagnificent stand and poise!
Fouad Diouman, London, UK
its about time that the banks had their umbrellas taken back.
as its about to pour down financially
neil roberts, coutances , france
congratulations to Mr. King. finally a central banker we can all respect unlike Mr. Bernanke/Greenspan here in the US. moral hazard is their name. NO bailouts for risky behavior.
marc lowe, santa barbara, california
A stitch in time can save nine, but banks must reap what they sow. Those who were sensible will be fine. Those who called the current situation right, will making a ton of money right now. Only the imprudent and the ones that came late to the party and are left holding the hot potato when the music stopped have egg on their faces.
G, London,