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Henry Paulson, the US Treasury Secretary, and Ben Bernanke, the Chairman of the Federal Reserve, battled yesterday to convince America’s congressional leaders to approve President Bush’s planned $700 billion (£377 billion) Wall Street bailout swiftly, despite the huge cost to taxpayers.
Mr Paulson and Mr Bernanke, joint architects of the rescue plan, united in an effort to overcome mounting opposition to the scheme on Capitol Hill and avert further financial turmoil.
Amid wrangling over the plan to buy up the toxic bad debts poisoning the US financial system, the stakes were raised last night as John McCain, the Republican presidential candidate, was urged to take the “nuclear option” of opposing the bailout.Senior Republicans joined some of Mr McCain’s advisers in telling him that voters’ anger over the cost of the rescue could make opposing it a “game-changing” move that might win him the White House.
Nervousness over the congressional verdict on the bailout sparked another turbulent day for stock markets. In London the FTSE 100 index shed 100.1 points to close at 5,136.1, taking its losses in the year to date to more than 20 per cent. In New York the Dow Jones industrial average fell 161.50 points to close at 10,854.20.
At a highly charged session of the Senate Banking Committee, Mr Bernanke told Congress that it risked a serious recession if it failed to implement the bailout. “Action by Congress is urgently required to stabilise the situation and avert what could otherwise be very serious consequences for our financial markets and our economy,” he said.
The strength of opposition was emphasised by attacks from both Christopher Dodd, Democrat chairman of the committee, and Richard Shelby, its leading Republican. Senator Dodd said the plan was stunning and unprecedented in its scope and lack of detail. He said: “What they have sent us is not acceptable.” Senator Shelby said: “We have been given no credible assurances that this plan will work. We could very well spend $700 billion, or a trillion, and not resolve the crisis.”
There were calls from Senator Charles Schumer, Democrat chairman of the Joint Economic Committee, to agree to a rescue package worth $150 billion and force Mr Paulson to return for more later, if needed. Others demanded onerous concessions, such as powers to curb executive pay for banks benefiting from the plan. Mr Bernanke said such measures would condemn the scheme to failure: “We cannot impose punitive measures on the institutions that chose to sell assets. That would eliminate or strongly reduce participation.”
Mr Bernanke and Mr Paulson said that a reverse-auction system to price the assets bought would ensure value for money. Mr Bernanke insisted the the plan would “restore confidence and liquidity to financial markets and help the economy recover without an unreasonable fiscal burden on taxpayers”.
Mr McCain’s verdict could play a critical role. He is concerned that seeking to block the bailout would open him to charges of irresponsibly wrecking a plan to save the US economy. But some aides say opposing the scheme would distinguish him from Mr Bush and send a populist message.
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as i understand it, henry paulson is personally worth hundreds of millions of dollars. if he truly believes in his federal bailout plan, then how much of that personal fortune is he willing to contribute to the cause. so far, i have yet to hear any member of congress ask him that question.
larry kearney, hampton, virginia, u.s.a.
The banks will take their cut as this waste passes from FED to Treasury, and the outgoing incumbents will make off with a huge fortune. The bill gets passed to the next couple of generations, but they don't really count, do they?
dave hall, Stafford, UK
Its a great plan investment banks ofload bad debts to the US Treasury - who hasn't the capability to deal with the debt so hey ho investment banks step in to help the Treasury sort out the mess - bigger bonus days for staff sorting out the problem they created and taken the bonuses -
Paul, Bristol , England
These banks that Paulson desperately wants to save have shown themselves to be unfit for purpose, negligent and completely incompetent. I wouldn't spend 700 cents propping them up. Let them collapse and set up a new system that actually works. I doubt whether 700 billion will cure the problem anyway
Simon, LOndon, UK
The Treasury/Federal Reserve do NOT need to find the money to do this. What will happen is the Fed will continue to print Trillions of more dollars, increasing the money supply which, will hugely devalue the dollar. Don't be surprised if 3-6 months from now we have double digit inflation in the US
Steven, Seattle, United States
As usual, McCain is being pushed to take a position on purely political opjectives, and not upon thoughtful economic analysis. A "game-changer" that causes financial collapse. As long as he wins . . .
Politics over reality, the reason for the mess in the first place.
Henry, Washington, D.C.,
At least American taxpayers are up in arms about their hard earned money being used to bail out companies that made very poor decisions.
Here in the UK these things go by with barely a whimper of protest.
I don't think the world will end if the banks are left alone to sink or swim on their own
Kevin, Aberdeen, UK
To help the banks with 700 bln. the US Treasurer first needs to find this money somehow. Increase taxes? Borrow from banks? Borrow from oil exporters S. Arabia / Iran / Russia ?
And will interest rates will go up?
khadler, Hamburg, Germany
The bailout plan is not a quick fix to the economy woes. Simply adding several trillion dollar dificit to US' next generation is just to offset the current headache to the future.
If the loss of momentum in the economy growth can not be (and has not been) solved. Bailout will become a black hole.
Bill, Toronto,
It sounds as though it's a heap of cash; however once a more careful proposal making bankers fully responsible for their greed, is tabled, plus laws to prevent opportunism, then saving the markets from collapse is worthwhile. Is there a risk of a run on the banks? That would be a serious disaster
Mark, Nice, France
The whole system needs to be purged by allowing bankrupt banks to go bust. That will lead to much more pain in the short term but those that survive will recover much more quickly. And there must surely be banks somewhere in the world that are not affected by the toxic debt problem.
Richard, Henley-on-Thames,
Bush has been saying that the market place, and democracy, must be self-regulating, self-balancing. So now, when their own pots of gold disappear, they decide to intervene? Double standards.
Did anyone notice they also want to give 25 billion to the US auto makers - for failing to innovate?
Richard, London, UK
Terence, when the world falls into anarchy and you are in a soup line with the rest of the unemployed homeless of the world, I hope you stand by your comments. The last time the world did nothing it was call the great depression.
Shane, Dublin,
As Blair takes up an advisory post with JP Morgan, at an annual salary of £2 million some might hope that the shell-shocked US
poplace will mount a objection to this 'payment for services rendered to Wall St ' which will, if Bernanke gets his way, will come from the twice screwed public purse.
James Edwards, Dineult, France
It is a strange spectacle to see a highly self conceited set of congress- men trying to criticise experienced persons like Paulson and Bernanke. if there is no bail-out, trillions of dollars would be taken out by foreign Lenders from US which would be disastrous for Americans, It is hobson's choice.
Rajendra Asthana, Mumbai, India
How about investing the $700 billion in Energy Independence - and create jobs and wages? A $3000 system could save 75% of a $400 bill (google: solar thermal price southface). So give 100 million households a $2000 rebate. That's $200 billion. The same for solar voltaics. Invest in expansion.
Hugo van Randwyck, London, UK
I say, let the temples of the moneychangers fall. They need to be rebuilt... altogether.
Terrence Monroe, Honolulu, USA
It must come naturally to Mr Paulson to act as a merchant banker with taxpayers' funds, but his planned solution would only deepen the problem. Inflated asset prices need to fall, and you don't achieve that effect by wheeling in the government on the demand side.
Paul, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
There are many areas where savings could be effected. Getting out of Afghanistan and Iraq would be a start. Instead of military spending put money into real fundamentals like single payer medicine.
Werner, Regina, Canada
If this bailout goes ahead it will be throwing more good money after bad. Congress should unite in rejecting it completely.
Paul, Coventry,
as usual no thought has gone into this quick fix option, congress should not approve until a detailed appraisal has been carried out. it stinks of stupid bush trying to cover his ass after yet another disaster to follow all the others during his term. americans stop this lunacy ur a laughing stock
peter, ma, uk
Guys - grow up. Nobody forced people to borrow all the money to buy houses, and it is the fact that they borrowed it anyway that has caused this. Next time, when "the poor and middle class" want to buy a new home, a new car, or a new flatscreen TV the answer will be a resounding "no". Happy now??
Andrew, London, UK
Rubbish to say that punitive measures would reduce participation - banks that need the bail out will participate at whatever price - they won't survive if they don't. Beggars can't be choosers - if they try to hold the country to ransom they should be shut down and their boards sacked.
Father Ignatius Brown, London, England
The Banks have made bad loans and bad investments. They should not expect to be bailed out by tax payers. Let them reschedule loans so people to make paymernts that allow them to remain in their homes. Then take action against illegal/irresponsible lending which it will reveal
Andy, Worthing, UK
NEVER mess with the markets particularly in the last bastion of capitalism. Governments cannot win. (especially ours)
I understand the FBI are beginning enquiries into fraudsters.
Brown trumpets Northern Wreck as a triumph - it is a massive failure. Taxpayers will be at least £10 billion poorer.
Victor M, Cricklewood, England
The final act in the harvest of the people's wealth. Ram it through with minimal controls, then sell the assets bought with the people's money to the same elite that caused the problem, at a steep discount of course. These are very bad people doing this.
Scott, Bangkok, Thailand
So give $700 Billion to the very people who lost Trillions ?
Congress should not approve this, they are paying alot for no guarantees, taking all the risk, and for what ... to continue the Status Quo that got us into this mess in the first place with the very same people ! Makes no sense !!!
Joe, Geelong, VIC Austraia
Stephen, China asks :"where else are people rewarded for abject failure in their jobs?" Answer: Government
richard , Brisbane,
The poor and middle class, being blackmailed to bail out the super-rich.. under threat of total economic disaster! Congress effectively being told "Hurry! Give us the money NOW..or else!..and DON'T ask for any limits,restrictions or controls!". THE WHOLE SCAM STINKS TO HIGH HEAVEN!
Garth Strong, Houston, USA
A recent report states that millions of American children have untreated tooth decay of course we already know that millions have no health coverage, Now if this 700Billion was to cover these items I think everyone could easily turn a blind eye but to bail out a gang of fat cats its scandalous,
Peter, Vancouver BC., Canada
The pre-election spin on this will continue. The top two parties will manipulate this and avoid political suicide phrases like take responsibility, cut down mega severence packages for CEO's and more. FYI: Paulson is worth $500 million. I wonder how much he's lost so far?
Tom, Kansas City, US
Sounds alot like Malaysia after the Asian currency crisis, only then it was a "bail-out" which everyone panned, not a rescue and consolidation plan. Banning short-sellers? Ditto. Why is the IMF not telling the US what it has to do and offering some "rescue package" with strings attached?
Jon, Kuala Lumpur,
If I was McCain I would not back it. When this $700bn (or more likely double, the govt is involved here!) hits the books alongside Fannie and Freddy and AIG the next president will have no room for anything other than cutting spending and raising taxes. Who would want to be president?
Ian, Tokyo, Japan
i agree with congress that there have to be punitive measures against banking executives and that they should be given no choice but to participate if the plan is approved. the market has failed, and they've failed the market. where else are people rewarded for abject failure in their jobs?
stephen, china, china