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American stocks rose sharply today in early trading after the US Federal Reserve calmed investors by agreeing to provide $180 billion (£100 billion) worth of funding to the global banking system.
Leading US stocks rose by more than 150 points after the bell sounded on Wall Street, sending the Dow Jones industrial index up to 10,761.3. By the afternoon, however, it had retreated back to 10642.67, a rise of just 46 points.
President George Bush said today that markets are adjusting to “extraordinary measures the government has taken on the economy", adding that he and his advisers are working on measures to promote stability.
President Bush, who scrapped an out of town meeting to monitor the situation, will later meet Hank Paulson, the US Treasury Secretary.
However, despite President Bush's bid to encourage financial stability, Morgan Stanley, one of the two last remaining US investment banking banks, saw its shares fall another 25.61 per cent to $16.18 after yesterday's record 24 per cent fall.
Speculation is gathering that Morgan Stanley could be the next US bank forced into a rescue deal, and is understood to be holding merger discussions with Wachovia, America's fourth-largest bank.
Goldman Sachs, the other remaining US investment bank after Lehman Brothers collapsed on Monday and Merrill Lynch was acquired by Bank of America, also saw its shares decline again today, falling by 13.74 per cent.
Earlier today, the Fed joined the Bank of England and four other of the world's most powerful central banks agreed to pump $180 billion (£100 billion) into the world's financial system.
The US Federal Reserve is lending the Bank of England, the European Central Bank (ECB), the Swiss National Bank and the central banks of Canada and Japan billions of dollars to pump into their financial systems.
It is the first time that the Bank of England has injected dollars into the overnight borrowing markets and comes just days after the collapse of Lehman.
Yesterday, the Bank extended its Special Liquidity Scheme by a further three months “in view of the current disorderly market conditions".
The scheme, which lets banks exchange some of their riskier holdings for Treasury bonds, was due to end next month but will now run until January 30.
The Bank has pumped £25 billion into the money markets this week already, having made £5 billion available on Monday and a further £20 billion the following day.
The $180 billion is equivalent to a fifth of the British Government's annual spending of £500 billion or three times the personal fortune of the world's richest man, Warren Buffett.
The cost of dollar borrowing between banks has soared since Monday when Lehman filed for bankruptcy and Merrill Lynch was rescued by Bank of America.
AIG, the US insurance giant, has since been forced to seek $85 billion in funding from the Federal Reserve. Today's emergency funding has calmed overnight funding rates, with dollar borrowing falling from 5.03 per cent to 3.84 per cent.
Instead of lending each other money in the wholesale market, banks have hoarded cash, pushing up the price of borrowing and putting more pressure on already stretched financial institutions.
The Bank of England could pump in $40 billion to the UK, while the ECB could inject as much as $110 billion into the markets.
The move represents the latest effort by central banks worldwide to open up the short-term money markets, which have stubbornly remained shut despite the efforts of international regulators.
Problems accessing capital on the money markets was central to the demise of Northern Rock, the British mortgage lender.
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A more realistic suggestion would surely be; rather than injecting money into the Money markets, why not inject it into the american housing market to guarentee the Securitised home loans, Money better spent? who knows but it might stave off the originator of this problem.
CK, Reigate,
That's right Pete, joining the BNP, an anti-Semetic, anti-anything-non-Anglo-saxon, whites-only political party will solve all your problems. Ignorant.
Ashlee, London, UK
It really stuns me how little most people understand this crisis. Many of your suggestions ("let the banks suffer" etc) are utterly self destructive. Don't you see just how dependent the capitalist economies we all live in depend on these institutions. If just two or three more go down... bad times!
Ian, London, UK
Indeed, our government is printing money like mad. Next Gordon will give orders to lower interest rates to save the housing bubble. That's even better than printing money. Prepare for a steep fall of the pound!
Peter, Liverpool, UK
this is extraordinary - if they eventually get the markets to calm with these massive injections, what will the government and the fed have left? this is a massive amount of money they're injecting - how can they pay for this? raise taxes? not ideal for an economy facing recession.
George, London,
Linda, Haworth: re Inflation: I agree entirely, pumping extra money in will be massively inflationary. Remember this is good news for borrowers: If debts are devalued, there will be less to pay back in real terms. Good news... if you still have a job and can afford to pay back the loans etc
Tom, Harpenden,
what happens if this new injection doesn't work? How much more can the Central Banks inject before there are questions over their own liquidity? With our own tax receipts dropping how good is UKs credit line?
grant , shrewsbury, shropshire
This is perilously close to printing money as a strategy.
The stock indexes will all rise, but we have to remember that they are nominal. Double the price level by printing money, and the indexes should all double too.
John, Edinburgh,
what happens if this new injection doesn't work? How much more can the Central Banks inject before there are questions over their own liquidity? With our own tax receipts dropping how good is UKs credit line?
grant , shrewsbury, shropshire
This whole financial crisis affair is a myth; a white elephant created via the mental-psycho effect on USA cum Western banking and capitalist systems, due to the miltary invasions especially into Iraq, impacting on western consciences. I am saying no more than this as I do not give away my ideas.
H. Jay, London , UK
I'm advising all my clients to put their money into canned food and shotguns.
Paul Groom, London, London
More Mugabenomics from the Federal Reserve with the BoE and the ECB set to follow suit. So what happened to the 'magic' of the market that those who claim to oppose state intervention go on about all the time?
Paul, Coventry,
Consider this: $180 Bn of temporary "liquidity" vs. $62 Tn (that's *trillion* !!!) of credit default swap contracts (CDS) outstanding, or approximately $14 tn of contracts when "netted" out.
We may see yet another Wall St "dead cat bounce" but in the long run it won't make a difference. Implosion!
Dave, London,
Rather than pump $180bn into the deep pockets of those who caused this mess, why not just leave the markets to collapse and take the greedy bankers, speculators and hedge fund managers with it? The $180bn can then be used to reimburse the innocent ordinary savers etc.
Chris K, Cheltenham, UK
«The Bank of England could pump in $40 billion to the UK, while ECB could inject as much as $110 billion into the markets.» You mean inject USD, sell UDS reserves or create GBP and EURO worth those accurate.
Rui Duarte, Lisbon, Portugal
$180 billion sounds a lot however its not that much in comparrison to the flow of money potentially in the market. What happens if people have no confidence in new LloydsHBOS group. If markets short it and the herd moves it will be a repeat of ERM fiasco. Then what?
Rupert, London, UK
good idea pete to join the bnp - they predicted this mess on thier website ages ago .....
ray, mexborough, uk
Throwing confetti at the problem is not the answer. The authorities can mitigate the downturn by forcing more vulnerable banks and institutions to merge with stronger institutions. This will allow a core of strong banks to survive the debt deflation allowing the very weak to go to the wall.
Stephen Marchant, Newton Abbot, Devon
Old news already, markets down in US. Get ready for red on the FTSE tomorrow.
Peter, London,
What I find hillarious is that commentators are still saying it is a liquidity problem. It is not! It's a solvencey problem, the pofits these banks were posting and bankers taking massive bonuses for never existed. If they had existed banks would not be falling over in 12 months now would they???
lloyd, UK,
Only good investment these days is International Domain Names (IDNs)
Jeff Zorn, London, uk
Banks lending to each other - that's a good idea. Why hasn't anyone thought of that before....
Tim R, London, UK
This extra money will INFLATE the general money supply, which will in turn DEVALUE the currency already in circulation, YOUR money/savings etc.
When the extra money settles down into the system, all the costs associated with goods and services will have to rise to accomodate it.
MORE INFLATION.
Linda, Haworth, England
Markets rally? The FTSE is down a further 32 points. So, how exactly are they rallying? Or do you mean "markets stem the blood loss but barely?"
charles, Cirencester, Great Britain
All that cash injected into the financial system and the Hedge funds can manipulate the stock markets to help themselves to it, as shown by the collapse of Lloyds share price today.
Shaun S, Aberdeen, Scotland
Calming investors...and promoting stability ...sure....Up and down every day. I'm sure it will be "stable" like this for a little while longer.
Ed, London,
the term papering over the cracks comes to mind.
simon, warrington, uk
Taken as a whole, this mess adds credence to the belief that astrology was invented as a means of enabling economics to become a precise science.
Richard Crow , Warsaw, Poland
It is high time to redefine the 'Credit crunch' into more proper definition: 'Globalization crush'.
Every country should mind its own business and 'Globalize' as much as it is good for that country.
Why should prudent countries & citizens get skinned by Wall Street & City gamblers and crooks?
savo, london, uk
I'm joining the BNP I've had enough of the crooked
neocons tories and labour that have caused this.
Pete, sevenoaks,
Yes they would check the ethnicity of money and the racial background of bonds - strewth!!!!
Heidi Hog, Birmingham, West Mids
Pete, it's always the fault of the government innit... They should never have allowed the banks to give you a cheap mortgage. Now the investors who gave the money for your mortgage to the bank are gone, the government steps in so you can refinance your mortgage. It's always the government's fault.
Andries, London, UK
why is it that when banks collapse savers lose their money but people who have taken out loans with the same bank still have to continue paying their loans? where is the fairness of the free market?
xim, london,
Oh but to see the smile on Ahmadinejad's face right now as the Western economy tumbles.
Victoria, London,
Richie - to your point, it's illegal to trade while technically insolvent, that is, liabilities exceeding assets. Once off balance sheets transactions are included, many insitiutions are trading while insolvent. The regulators took their eye off the ball, simple as that !.
Troy, London, England
Pete, absolute genius. Politically legitimised racism is the obvious solution to a worldwide financial crisis. I cannot believe that no-one had thought of that. Our government could do with an intellectual titan like yourself in their number.
Javid, Greenwich, UK
Quite simple David of Cambridge, they loan the money into existance, it does not exist until they say so ,but the interest payments will be real,and we know who will foot the bill for that , result , devalued currency and impoverishment of the people.
Eddy, Bury St.Edmunds,
The fact that people like Warren Buffet HAVE 60 billion is presumably part of the current problem.
eric campbell, harrogate, uk
Banknotes printed from the money press machine?
Louise, Bristol, UK
Will someone explain how we can still call ourselves based on a "free market" system, when the federal govermnent continues to bail out privately owned investment firms whenvery they overexted themselves into debt?
Does anybody remember the savings and loan crisis of the Bush I administration?
Scott Benowitz, Rye, New York, U.S.A.
straight from the printing press in 10 downing st
jim, ediburgh, uk
There's a big toilet in the White House and they flush it all down there.
Jeff, Newport, Wales
I'm joining the BNP I've had enough of the crooked
neocons tories and labour that have caused this.
Pete, sevenoaks,
Dave, it's paper money. It's IOU's and not really money.
Jay Bee, Birmingham, UK
This is a solvency problem, not a liquidity problem. The banks in the USA are bankrupt..insolvent. Same with many banks in Europe.
Ritchie, strasbourg, France
Also where and how can we get access to this money?
Shahid Miah, Birmingham, Uk
...in answer to your qn David - directly into the pockets of hedge fund managers, speculators, short sellers.
alistair, London,
I have to say this is getting farcicle - perhaps we better return to a barter economy
malcolm, ely,
The question is who is paying for this injection in the end...and of course it us, ordinary people, who are paying for the misatkes of irresponsible banks and just as irresponsible politians...
Spezia, London,
Where and how precisely are such huge volumes of money 'injected?'
David, Cambridge, UK