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The conflicting statements in full
The Bank of England today announced a surprise £10 billion cash injection into the British banking system, signalling a complete U-turn by Governor Mervyn King and his hands-off stance on the global financial turmoil.
Today, Mr King was forced to inject a further £10 billion into the money markets after last week branding such a move as encouraging "excessive risk-taking". The Bank will now follow this move by allowing financial institutions access to three additional loans lasting three months. It is unclear how big this funding will be.
The extraordinary statement came a day before Mr King is due to appear before the Treasury Select Committee.
The announcement lifted shares sharply higher in London. The FTSE 100 closed 176.7 points higher, at 6,460. London shares were also buoyed by a positive start on Wall Street after the Federal Reserve cut US interest rates last night. The Dow Jones was up 81.4 points, at 3,820.76, when London closed.
The latest funding brings the Bank's total cash injection to £18.8 billion and will fuel sharp criticism of Mr King's actions since the start of the current crisis three months ago. In contrast, the European Central Bank and the US Federal Reserve have both made numerous cash injections into their markets.
Mr King's dramatic change of mind comes just two days after Chancellor Alistair Darling promised that the Government would guarantee the money of savers placed with any solvent institution.
The Chancellor has guaranteed £28 billion worth of deposits held in troubled mortgage lender Northern Rock.
As part of today's shock announcement, the Bank of England will allow financial institutions to pledge a wider range of collateral against drawing down from the £10 billion fund, including putting up their mortgage assets as security.
In a statement today, the Bank said: "This measure is being taken in order to alleviate the strains in longer maturity money markets."
The UK central bank said it will release the cash next week to reduce the three-month cost of borrowing between banks, otherwise known as Libor, which reached 6.55125 per cent today compared with the UK interest rate of 5.75 per cent.
Yesterday, the Bank made an extra £4.4 billion available to the banking sector, on top of an additional £4.4 billion released last week.
Mr King said last week:"The current turmoil, which has at its heart the earlier under-pricing of risk, has disturbed the unusual serenity of recent years, but, managed properly, it should not threaten our long-term economic stability."
He also said: "On the one hand, the provision of greater short-term liquidity against illiquid collateral might ease the process of taking the assets of vehicles back onto bank balance sheets and so reduce term market interest rates.
"But, on the other hand, the provision of such liquidity support undermines the efficient pricing of risk by providing ex post insurance for risky behaviour. That encourages excessive risk-taking, and sows the seeds of a future financial crisis."
The FTSE 100 index rose 134.4 points to 6,417.7 on the back of the Bank of England's announcement and the Fed's move last night to cut its interest rate by half a percentage point to 4.75 per cent.
The next decision on UK interest rates – currently 5.75 per cent – will take place when the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee meets on October 2-3.
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It has to be said that the queues outside of Northern Rock made good tv, but the basis on which customers were withdrawing their savings was borne out of ignorance of the banking systems, and a belief that the sheeple must be right.
There was not and never has been the remotest risk to their savings.
The sub-prime market is a relatively high risk, high reward investment for a bank, but the Basel Accord II ensures that all banks maintain a healthy ratio of ready cash v. indebtedness. That is why it was introduced following the Barings debacle.
The average person has no comprehension of the scale of the investment markets, the strategies adopted or the influence of money markets.
It was no surprise to me to see that the NR queues were predominantly retired people who have now shown themselves to be a rather scatterbrained generation who base decisions on gossip rather than fact?
Rob, Bristol, UK
What a fantastic precedent for borrowers! Spend recklessly, run your finances into the ground and then when it all gets too hot to handle declare yourself bankrupt. A year or so later you can start the whole process again. If it's good enough for the banks... This would have been a good test for the Govenor of the BoE to show that he could stand up to political pressure. A big fat zero points on that front.
George, Brighton, UK
Both the Federal Reseve and the BoE initially provided more liquidity to the money markets, but then their public stance and "words of being hands off" helped make the credit markets become even more fearful. In this scenario those with liquidity decided to avoid all but the very best perceived risk and avoid even normal credit risk. In other words the Central Banks made a bad position far worse and instead of helping calm markets actually made them worse. This in turn has now caused them to do 180 degree turns and look somewhat foolish. Perhaps they can learn from this that "perception" and "action" need to be both considered and actioned on simultaneously.
With this reversal in action and words perhaps the credit markets will now hasten a return to normality. This will need a review by governing bodies so that they do not make the same mistakes again. They should also review why Regulatory bodies have allowed imprudent Balance Sheet structures to become almost the norm.
Ian Jardine, Madison, USA
INDEPENDANCE, ha ha. that's the biggest joke i've heard yet.
Its simple Mr King gave his view, in that the banks should learn the hard way, then days later Mr Brown forces Mr King into pumping 10 billion of our money into the markets to lower the LIBOR rate, whie the countries children are impovrished
My plea to the news papers, find out who draws on this emergancy funding so we the customer can get out, i believe so many banks have big losses and will not disclose this information, if banks dont trust each other, how can we trust them, high st banks are in trouble otherwise Mr Brown would not have acted. I will not be leaving any savings in any British banks especially the high st banks.
The way i see it, i like the banks ten years ago wont except that level of risk, risk for a measly amount of net intrest. cash is king and its better under your matress. the older generation will know exactly what im saying. Johnson matthey, barings. The banking version of Enron is in our mist
lewis, Cardiff, Wales
yet again mr king makes another balls-up, how long before his position becomes untenable and he gets shuffled off to the house of lords !!
chris harris, paignton, devon
So now we have King put and the Bernake put, a licence to institutional investors to make reckless investment decisions secure in the fact that the BoE and Fed Reserve will bail them out if things go wrong.
Peter Thomas, New York, USA
I hope the Banks find the terms of this £10 billion 3 month loan so unattractive that none of them will want to take advantage of it.
Michael Smith, Southampton, UK
Another nail in the coffin of the independence of the Bank. MPC members nominated by the Chancellor, with the Govenor's term coming up for renewal in a month's time. A bit of arm-twisting and hey, the Bank bales the Government out of a hole just before conference. Only to store up worse trouble down the line. Moral Hazard anyone? Free BoE put options on risky lending? Protect savers with a decent insurance scheme maybe, but don't protect banks themselves.
G, London,
This has all the hallmarks of panicking government ministers (prime included) leaning, nay, stamping on the BoE. If I were Mr King I would resign. Rewriting the rule book only makes sense if the new rules don't bring major problems in other areas in the medium term. Watch out for clever people exploiting this government weakness and making us pay their risk premium.
colin f, Shrewsbury,
Why don't figures of influence understand that an abrupt change of policy or "U turn" is only going to add to the uncertainty. Who can trust that the so called "guarantee" offered to Northern Rock savers will not be withdrawn next week? Especially as it is now being scrutinised by the EU as illegal state aid.
TC, London,
How exactly will this encourage the banks to NOT under-price risk in the future?
Magnus Therning, Cambridge, UK
So John ALbert, whatever made you think the BOE is independant? The Govenrment controls the country, no one is truly independant.
Would you prefer the economy to shrink shrink shrink then?
Ewan , sherborne,
Why didn't the government support Equitable Life? Or those failed company pension funds? Why then now decide to support the depositors at Northern Rock? Do life savings in a pension fund not count as much?
Funny old world.
Jon Watts, Dorking, Uk
One used to belief the Governor of the BoE was a man of his word, and thus when he stated firmly (and correctly) that it was not his job to bail out those institutions that had found themselves in trouble becuase of imprudent activity, one acted in accordance with that statement. This meant preparing ones finances (corporate and personal) for a forthcoming storm. Now he has done a remarkable u turn, may I ask whether the BoE will provide funds to cover those who acted on his prudent promises, only to find themselves deceived by Mr King. If Soros was ther man who broke theBoE fiscally, King must bethe manwhjo broke its moral credibility. And to have done so with use of taxpayers money is appalling.
Tim Fitzsimmons, Rudgwick,
Inflation is guaranteed in Western society....Chinese manufactured goods cannot hold out against excess liquidity and raw material prices......looks like we are heading for Stagflation
TomTom, Leeds, England
I agree with Nick -- Political intervention and the economics of the Mad House have prevailed. This entire melt down has been because of artificially (politically motivated) low interest rates and easy credit for years.... how can now more credit solve the problem. The bubble has burst. The worst is yet to come and lower interest rates and the printing of more paper money is not the answer.... look at commodity prices/oil prices... inflation is about to go through the roof... I'd hate to be a politician and explain that one away.... easier credit and much higher inflation.....
colin bond, London, England
Isn't this just putting off the inevitable ?
roger, london,
Will Mervyn be rewarded or turned into a scape goat?
Paul Cahill, Sevenoaks, Kent
I hope Mr King ensures any High Street banks using this facility will be stung by extortionate "unauthorised borrowing" charges coupled with a hefty fee for a nice letter from himself to the CEO.
jasper, chelmsford,
Whatever happened to the free market forces we were told manage everything? And big govermenet is not so bad after all??
Jim Walsh, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Brown knows that he is in no position to win an election if he were to stick by his original intention for the bank to remain full independant. The public have shown they do not trust the system (and the government) by the speed of the panic around Northern Rock, which is what triggered the letter to the bank of england. Politics will always meddle in any system, which poses a threat to the individuals involved without due cause for the wider public or the longer term effects. Now, now, now. Brown magic or Tragic ?
Karl, London,
Tulip bulbs, central american infrastructure investments, loss-making tech start-ups - when will we ever learn? I'm sure there will be a spate of books about this in a few years, which will be a nice distraction from sitting on our property assets while the negative equity unwinds. Can I be the first to say stagflation?
Graham, London,
A 0.5% cut by the Fed followed by this.
Both the BoE and Fed have lost a huge amount of credibility in the space of 24 hours.
What about inflation targeting? The cost of commodities such as Oil and Wheat?
What about letting banks learn the hard way?
Smacks of inept government intervention.
Nick, London,
He will regret it. Surely this move was entirely influenced by the Government and so what does that say about Bank of England independence. Sweets today and sweets tomorrow for our new society of the insatiable and the gullible . Well done all you Politicians. Growth growth growth. You are going to be sorry.
John Albert , Lisbon, Portugal