Gary Duncan: Economic view
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In the United States, the “R” word is back. As people in the world’s biggest economy pick at Thanksgiving leftovers, the ghost looming over the remains of the feast is the spectre of recession.
With Christmas not far off, Americans are feeling anything but festive. Consumer confidence is at its lowest for a decade and a half, apart from in the immediate wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Polls show that two fifths of US households expect a recession in the next year – up from fewer than a third only a month ago. Glowering at their home computers, the anxious spend ever more time typing the “R” word into search engines.
Yet a slide into recession is far from the main expectation of Wall Street’s forecasters. Certainly, most expect a nasty economic setback in the closing months of this year, and several quarters of sub-par growth. But the consensus is for the US economy to expand by a relatively healthy 2.2 per cent next year.
Who, then, is right? Could the churning guts of angst-gripped Americans on Main Street end up more accurate than the insights that wizards on Wall Street glean from their data-laden statistical models? Alas, the answer is yes. Few analysts saw the last two recessions before they hit and, sadly, the sages look more and more likely to emerge as being too sanguine. A US recession looks more probable than not.
The chief forces sending America lurching towards a painful downturn are well known. The slump in the housing market is proving far more severe than predicted and looks set to get worse. Average US house prices that have tumbled by 5 per cent in a year seem destined to fall much further as a glut of unsold properties is swollen by repossessions of more homes from sub-prime mortgage borrowers.
As house prices descend, fretting Americans will watch the withering of the housing wealth that has allowed them to carry on borrowing and sustain their high-spending habits. The inevitable result will be that the once-tireless consumers, the main motor for US growth, will retreat from the shops in droves.
Worse still, this impending blow to consumer demand will be made harder by the knock-on consequences of credit market turmoil and soaring oil prices. The credit squeeze is already driving up the cost of loans for households that can borrow, even as surging energy costs force them to devote more of their income to fuel bills.
All of this is bleak enough. But two further recessionary omens that are sending grim warning signals have been less remarked than they should be. First, a critical development is what is happening to US corporate profits. These are collapsing, marking an end to record runs of double-digit gains. Figures from Standard & Poor’s, highlighted by David Rosenberg, of Merrill Lynch, show that, with 90 per cent of US companies having reported third-quarter results, their operating earnings per share (which exclude write-offs) have plunged by 8.5 per cent from a year ago. That is against a rise of 9.6 per cent in the previous three months and is the worst performance since the end of 2001, when the US was most recently in recession. Quarter on quarter, earnings fell by 12.4 per cent, in the worst third-quarter outcome since 1989 – also a time of recession.
These are menacing trends. So far, the relative resilience of America’s share prices, even as the tribulations inflicted on its economy have multiplied, has been remarkable. Even amid the credit market shake-out, stock markets hit records as recently as last month. But with US shares now looking much poorer value, this prop for the economy looks liable to be knocked away.
If share prices do drop sharply, American households will face yet another hammer blow to their wealth, and to their willingness to spend. Economists estimate that falls in financial wealth have less impact on spending than declines in housing wealth, but that they feed through more rapidly. Falling profits will, at the same time, undermine companies’ readiness to keep investing, removing another of the remaining supports underpinning US growth.
The second underremarked factor that is amplifying America’s recession risk is the true state of the jobs market. On the face of it, employment trends ought to offer some reassurance. The payrolls figures closely tracked by the markets showed that 166,000 new jobs were created last month. Yet the reality may be quite different.
Rival figures from a survey of US households, seen as more reliable by some analysts, show average monthly gains in employment of only 37,000 this year. Merrill Lynch notes that this is 86 per cent down on 2006 levels, while if statistical adjustments to the payrolls data that factor in estimated new business start-ups are stripped out, those figures would show actual falls in employment.
Even more alarming, Mr Rosenberg points out that the number of Americans out of work for 15 weeks or more is climbing steadily – something that has happened before every US recession since the Seventies.
Doom-mongering is a dangerous game. Yet these and other omens look ever worse for America. With conditions in the credit markets deteriorating again in the past few days, hopes of avoiding recession are pinned by many on aggressive action by the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates. But with the Fed also fretting over inflationary threats from record oil prices and a plunging dollar, those hopes look to be hanging from a thread.
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Has Mr Duncan been to the States recently? Yes, the markets have been up and down since hitting a high in October, but he and other columnists may want to consider that maybe the US economy isn't headed for recession: The third quarter is likely to have seen >4% GDP growth after adjustments, and most banks predict 2-2.5% growth for 2008 -- not bad for the eurozone. And despite articles about consumer gloom and doom, holiday spending is up 5% year-on-year.
This months-long economic story has taken on nearly anti-US colourings in the press, especially the FT, which seem almost to derive joy out of predicting the worst -- which continually fails to hit. Rather than doggedly fit material to the "story" du jour, though, why not look farther afield on economic bad news? Almost nothing has been written about Asian Development Bank reports saying China's economy is 40% smaller than that country's government has led the world to believe it is. 40%. Isn't that newsworthy -- or at least absurd?
David Shearer, Cambridge, UK/Chicago, US,
Alan Greenspan in "The Age of Turbulance" propounds that the R-word should be permanently included in our business vocabulary. All things considered, he is probably right.
Jaysonrex, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Greed and ignorance are the central causes of the subprime meltdown. Even the CEO of one of Germany's largest banks claims his directors never really understood the SIV's they were buying but bought them anyway since the returns were much higher. As if the higher the risk the higher the return law didn't apply to this category of investments.
Should the greedy bankers and spendthrift loan takers be bailed out by tax money? I don't think so. This "market correction" is necessary to clean out the pond.
My friends who work in hedge fund management are all buying gold. They ran the ship onto the rocks and are the first to run to the lifeboats.
Lawrence Alexander, Paris, France
On saturday I stood at Liverpool docks, looking at a gigantic Chineese ship waiting to be loaded from the half mile long,three story high pile of shredded scap metal.I don't need some financial pundit to inform me of what the outlook is for western economies-that tell's me all I need to know.
The high-tech economy that was intended to save us all is not meterialising,and selling cups of coffee to each other,using our homes as illusory ATM machines is not working either.
We were warned fifteen years ago about what would happen once China/india etc came to prominance-but nobody paid enough attention.
Britain in particular is about to be hammered as it has virtually nothing to fall back on..just watch all those little oufits go to the wall over the next two years.
I suggest you all read 'fantasy Island' there it is in black and white.
antony Graham, southport, England
Paul,
The "just desserts" will be served up to the US citizens when once again, our so-called government bails out the banks from a crisis that any mental midget could have forseen.
Our tax dollars are gonna be robbed from us to pay for this. The corporate media will spin it as a good thing, and the under-educated masses will attribute it all to the "ebb and flow" of the economic system- having no basic understanding that the economy is controlled by private interests who have complete control over the US economic system.
It's amazing that when I read Cicero I feel as though he's addressing our current Congress. More amazing is that the majority of US citizens continue to accept the hand that's being dealt to them, rather than getting off the couch and learning how the economy is controlled - and how they are woo'd into complacency by a controlled media.
The crime of the corporate controlled government won't kill us -citizen apathy will do most of the work.
Shorebreak, Indianapolis, USA
Eek, a grim article! But I've long suspected the party is over for us for the time being and we're in for a possibly deep recession. How wukk the world economy will be affected such an event? I would appreciate an article on this subject, if you can muster one.
Mark Mulligan, Shepherdstown, USA/West Virginia
Mr Grant, have you been to the States recently? The markets there have obviously been up and down after hitting a high in October, but media have predicted recession for months, yet the third quarter (after the subprime mess reared its head) is set to be adjusted up to show >4% growth. Most banks estimate 2.5% 2008 growth -- not bad by eurozone standards. While oil prices seem to be giving hybrid cars the boost that Yanks' environmental consciences weren't able to, the mood on the street isn't bleak: Holiday shopping numbers for the weekend were up almost 5% year-on-year.
I prefer UK papers to the US counterparts, but the borderline anti-US reports many UK papers, especially the FT, are offering seems off-the-mark. Rather than fit material to a predetermined story du jour, why not look farther afield on the economy? I've read scant little about Asian Development Bank reports that say China's economy is 40% smaller than thought. 40%. Isn't that newsworthy -- or at least absurd?
David, Shearer, Cambridge, England/Chicago, USA
This problem arose because interest rates were too low for too long, fuelling an inflationary asset bubble for far too long and making the exit from this disasterous strategy very painful.
It will be even more painful if the solution chosen is not some medicine to repair the damage but reduced interest rates which will only ultimately make the problem even worse.
I am afraid that the medicine will require higher interest rates.
The money market rates are already highlighting that the BOE interest rate is too low
Ask yourself the question if BOE interest rates were not set to control house price inflation on the way up, since the CPI does not include housing costs why should they be set to control house prices on the way down?
James, NI, UK
All these "recessions" are deliberately created by the Federal Reserve, which is a private bank, itself controlled from the center of the World Banking Cartel in Switzerland. They have been ordered by the Cartel to raise interest rates, make lending difficult again, and reduce the money supply, when nothing actually justifies such activities.
Close down the Federal Reserve Bank, and put the American government in charge of creating and distributing currency and setting interest rates. Once the notorious interest rates charged by the World Banking System are deleted from the equation, and the government can create the exact amount of currency needed, not too much and not too little, things calm down in the financial sector and a peaceful and prosperous tranquility reigns. The national debt disappears within 5 years. But the old European families who run the World Banking Cartel go from being "Trillionaires" to "mere" millionaires. http://www.informationliberation.com/?id=8702
victor compton, Cherbourg, France
Realistic and penetrating. Gary Duncan has looked things over without trying for the rosy glow we expect of our American columnists and politicians. Bush's solution to our woes is called the military-industrial complex.
Ernest Werner, Trumansburg NY , USA
Somebody once told me that the current official definition - two quarters of negative growth - was cooked up so that in the approach to the 1968 election LBJ's administration could claim that the economy wasn't in recession. Not that it did them any good.
Maybe we'll be treated to another redefinition next year?
Ian Kemmish, Biggleswade, UK
Well said John... I think we are looking at a 15 - 20 year hangover and part of me thinks this is 'just deserts'. Not for those who have been nudged and winked into taking ridiculous mortgage packages but for the bankers.
Paul Sullivan, Chester,
Recession, how about the "D" word, depression!!!
John P Carrigan, Essex Junction, US/VT