Patrick Hosking: Business commentary
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By recent American standards, the golden goodbye awarded to Chuck Prince, Citigroup’s sacked chairman and chief executive, was relatively modest. Mr Prince walks away with $41 million (£19.5 million) of bonuses and option profits and gets an office, car, chauffeur and administrative assistant for five years.
The payoff is just a quarter of “a Stan” - the $161 million given to Stan O’Neal, who was ousted a few days earlier from the top of Merrill Lynch. It also looks restrained beside the $210 million paid to Bob Nardelli after his unhappy tenure at Home Depot. But then Mr Prince presided over a catastrophic lending spree at Citigroup. At least $14 billion has been written off since the credit crunch bit and Citigroup’s market valued has collapsed by about $50 billion in the past two weeks alone.
Pay in the big investment banks is at the very heart of the unravelling sub-prime investment banking scandal. Departures and ridiculous payoffs are the consequence. But there is more to it than that – pay structures are responsible for creating the mess in the first place.
From the chairman down to the lowliest trainee trader, rewards dance to the tune of an annual cycle. But shareholders (and clients) have entirely different time horizons. Four years of strong profits growth followed by a disastrous fifth year in which all the good work is undone is still fine for employees but lousy for shareholders.
Employees don’t have to pay back past bonuses when the owners suffer a catastrophic loss. Bonuses are asymetric. Bank employees have an incentive to take positions or structure investment products that usually offer good returns but very occasionally blow up badly.
It is surely time for shareholders of banks to demand a more sophisticated system for rewarding staff – one that really does align their interests with shareholders’ rather than just claiming to. Why has the standard one-year cycle not been extended to much longer periods. Why aren’t bonuses put in escrow and released only when value has truly and irreversibly been achieved for shareholders?
It is only shareholders who can demand these changes. The bankers have no incentive to alter the status quo. Bank supervisors, too, should be putting reward structures under just as much scrutiny as they devote to balance sheets and stress-testing models.
Otherwise, it will continue to be perfectly rational for self-interested future Chucks and Stans to take unacceptable bets with their shareholders’ money.
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I was an investment banker for many years (1972-93.) and knew many good people both in the City (S.G. Warburg & Co.) and throughout Wall St. None of us got paid that much, believe me, and Citicorp bankers got paid a lot less than investment bankers. It was public ownership of the investment banking firms that changed everything, followed by the banks muscling in on their territory by bidding for talent. The European banks added fuel to the fire -- for a time back in the mid- 1980's, UBS paid so much to bid for known bankers that it was widely said to stand for "You be Stupid."
Bonuses are paid when deals are done, not when they are profitably sold after 3-5 years. All the incentive is to do deals, and those who say "wait a minute, this isn't really such a great idea," are scorned and driven out. An escrow and a clawback would help. Even then, however, the players are vastly overpaid because as the volume in the market has expanded exponentially (about 20 TIMES) spreads have held.
Christian Wyser-Pratte, New Paltz, New York, USA
I think it's overstating it to say that "pay structures are responsible for creating the mess in the first place", but I do agree with the general thrust of the article that the incentives and motivation of the financial sector lead it into activities that are of questionable social benefit. I'm sure that this is the level at which today's debate should be pitched - not to question the competence and judgement of the City barons, nor to discuss how much, or how little, regulation is best, but to see whether or not it is possible to develop a financial system in which there is no benefit to be gained from the creation of illusory current value.
Can I be persuaded that the value created by risk-spreading is real, not illusory?
Simon Stephenson, Windermere, UK
Slightly off topic, but related to ludicrous exec pay, a story from Australia. The Oz equivalent of BT, the now privatised Telstra, has suffered a falling share price for some time under the stewardship of the current CEO. The "remuneration committee" has bizarrely decided he's not paid enough and are offering him even more to stay on. This has so outraged the shareholders that they actually comprehensively voted against this. So what does the board do? They say that his contract has been signed and it's too late now. The CEO will get his ridiculous pay packet in return for falling profits and share price, and the shareholders can go stuff themselves.
Stu, London,
Anyone who knows anything about the stock market will admit that shareholder value, that is to say the price of the share, is inherently unstable and based in large part upon the emotions of investors. Achieved value is only made irreversible when the share is sold. Mr Hosking's proposal would either involve a fantastically complicated system whereby upon share sale a fraction (equal to the number of shares sold over total shares for the bank) of the earnings of the bank for the period which the shares were held was dispersed as an ad hoc bonus to all members of the bank with weighting by rank, department, performance, etc, or (and I suspect this is what he really would like to see) would involve no bonuses being paid ever.
J, London,
So finally someone is addressing the subject of money for nothing for greed and incompetence.Wait for Goldman Sachs remuneration statistics.This bank will make money from the sub prime mess by shorting the market even though they also hold plenty of worthless SIV and CDO paper.Millions of people will suffer before this debacle is over,but they will be paid obscene amounts too laugh at the rest of us.Then the ex executives can run the US federal reserve a la Bernanke, or Treasury secretary a la Paulson and tell the rest of the world how we must all suffer some financial pain.It is sickening, immoral and reality.Never in human history has so much been paid to so few,for so little.We really all must be a little dumb to accept it.
Keith Pirelli, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
It not just the pay of the banking elite that requires examination. It is the entire global monetary system!
The dollar will cease to be the global reserve currency. It will be the the most earth shattering event in history. The destruction of the dollar will bring down Sterling and the Euro with it.
I sincerely hope the suffering and misery that shall result will be an opportunity to create a monetary system not supported by debt.
Mattsa, Redhill, Surrey, UK
Its simple elite-class arrogance that perpetuates these rifling of large corporate/businesses balance sheets to the detriment of shareholders, customers, and workers. They are simply using a scheme to reallocate other's wealth to themselves under a variety of guises. Recent efforts of shareholders to get a simple yea or ney non-binding opinion vote on ceo pay packages was voted down after vigourous lobbying by business interests. Why people remain so passive in front of this continuing shameless theft is more a testiment to a lack of a free democratic society than anything else. Clearly the entire American media machine pushes the star system of overcompensation whether it be ceo's or sports stars to insane proportions relative to the average worker. Its purpose is to prod the people to work harder, longer, and more aggressively to create yet more wealth. Its how they push worker productivity if nobody has noticed.
Brian Stewart, Los Angeles, usa
Who signs these ludicrous contracts of employment, and why ?....that's what you need to find out.
Ripsnorter, Malaga, Spain
Shareholders ? Just shows your naivete. Buggins turn on the board signing each others employment contracts...wake up man.
Ripsnorter, Malaga, Spain
Why only bankers? All top people need both carrot and stick.
Noel Falconer, COUIZA, France
Finally a journalist who realises exactly what is the root cause of another banking crisis. Intelligent traders will always take the bet 'Heads I win, tails somebody else loses'. And it will continue so long as shareholders' interests are usurped by senior executives and, shall we say, malleable directors.
paul foster, Lausanne, Switzerland
If they mess up and lose millions,oust them with no pay-off.Commen sense I would have thought.
steve, Eure, France
All elites are writing options on the middle class, with elites taking upside down and middle class downside. Immigration is the same behavior. Start with Blair, Brown, and Cameron if you want reform. When they stop all immigration, you will see reform of the type discussed above.
Old Atlantic, Atlantic City, NJ